Transgene integration

Transgenic models have a broad spectrum of utilities across drug discovery, but they also have their limitations. Because transgene integration is random, occasionally the presence of multiple insertion sites, varied expression levels, and tissue distribution... 

Wu P, Phillips MI, Bui J, Terwilhger EF (1998) Adeno-associated virus vector-mediated transgene integration into neurons and other nondividing cell targets. J Virol 72 5919-5926. 

Gossen, I. A., de Leeuw, W. J., Verwest, A., Lohman, P. H., and Vijg, I. (1991). High somatic mutation frequencies in a LacZ transgene integrated on the mouse X-chromosome. Mutat Res 250, 423-429. 

Baer A, Schubeler D, Bode J. 2000. Transcriptional properties of genomic transgene integration sites marked by electroporation or retroviral infection. Biochemistry 39, 7041-7049. 

Fig. n.4 FISH analysis of BC6 transgene integration sites carried by offspring of the 155-92 founder. Integrations located on chromosome 5 (1), chromosome 12 (2), chromosome 1 (3), and chromosome 23 (4) are respectively represented. 

Plant transformation is a complex process that depends on a number of various factors. The activity of the host DNA repair machinery represents one of the key factors that influence transgene integration efficiency. In our study, we demonstrated that high activity of HR at the time of transformation can significantly improve the STF. We suggest that the modification of a plant growth medium, using factors that affect... 

Khmaszewska, K., D. Lachance, M. Bemier-Cardou and R.G. Rutledge. 2003. Transgene integration patterns and expression levels in transgenic tissue lines of Picea mariana, P. glauca and P. abies. Plant Cell Rep. 21 1080-1087. 

Jackson, S.A, P. Zhang, W.P. Chen, R.L. Philips, B. Friebe, S. Muthukrishnan and B.S. Gill (2001), High-Resolution Structural Analyis of Biolistic Transgene Integration into the Genome of Wheat , Theoretical and Applied Genetics Vol. 103, pp. 56-62. 

Day, C.D., Lee, E., Kobayashi, J., Holappa, L.D., Albert, H., Ow, D.W., 2000. Transgene integration into the same chromosome location can produce alleles that express at a predictable level, or alleles that are differentially silenced. Genes Dev. 14, 2869-2880. 

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