Transcription ribosomal gene

Bose S, Basu M, Banerjee AK (2004) Role of nucleolin in human parainfluenza virus type 3 infection of human lung epithelial cells. J Virol 78 8146-8158 Bouche G, Caizergues-Ferrer M, Bugler B, Amalric F (1984) Interrelations between the maturation of a 100 kDa nucleolar protein and pre rRNA synthesis in CHO cells. Nucleic Acids Res 12 3025-3035 Bouche G, Gas N, Prats H, Baldin V, Tauber JP, Teissie J, Amalric F (1987) Basic fibroblast growth factor enters the nucleolus and stimulates the transcription of ribosomal genes in ABAE cells undergoing GO-Gl transition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84(19) 6770-6774. 

NoRC Snf2h Mouse TIP5 Interacts with RNA polymerase I transcription termination factor I (TTF-1), localized to nucleoli [292] and implicated in repression of ribosomal gene transcription [293]. 

Santoro, R., Li, J., and Grummt, I. (2002) The nucleolar remodeling complex NoRC mediates heterochromatin formation and silencing of ribosomal gene transcription. Nat. Genet. 32, 393-396. 

Gottlieb, S. and Esposito, R.E. (1989) A new role for a yeast transcriptional silencer gene, SIR2, in regulation of recombination in ribosomal DNA. Cell, 56, 771-776. 

The human gene will be replicated, along with the vector in the recombinant DNA, but it won t necessarily be expressed. This only occurs if its disposition within the recombinant molecule is such that it is transcribed as mRNA and then translated into protein. For transcription, the gene must be positioned appropriately with respect to a bacterial promoter. For successful translation, the gene must be free of introns (Chap. 17), and its transcript must contain a bacterial ribosomal binding site (Chap. 17) at the correct location. 

The linear deoxyribonucleotide sequence information encoded in genes is copied into a linear sequence of ribonncleotides in messenger RNA (mRNA) by the process of transcription. Ribosomes bind one at a time near to the 5 end of each mRNA molecule and translate the ribonucleotide base sequence into an aminoacyl sequence according to the genetic code. Each mRNA is bound to more than one ribosome at a time, forming a polyribosome, often abbreviated to polysome. Typically the rate of... 

Osinga K.A. and Tabak H.F. (1982). Initiation of transcription of genes for mitochondrial ribosomal RNA in yeast comparison of the nucleotide sequence around the 5 -ends of both genes reveals a homologous stretch of 17 nucleotides. Nucleic Acids Res. 10 3617-3626. 

Ribosomal DNA gene transcription and ribosome assembly occur in the nucleolus, a highly specialized nuclear compartment. Quantitatively, the ribosomal gene transcription accounts for about 40% of all cellular transcription in living cells. These numbers reflect the relevance of this process for cell function and support the notion that regulation RNA Pol I transcription represents a key step in ribosome production and in determining a cell s potential for growth and proliferation (Larson et al., 1991 Nurse, 1985). 

Paule, M. (1998). Transcription of ribosomal genes by eukaryotic RNA polymerase I. 

Fig. 2 Electron micrograph of a typical transcription unit on a lampbrush chromosome loop from a stage VI Xenopus oocyte nucleus. These arc seen less frequently than endogenous ribosomal genes and injected plasmid genes. It is not possible to identify these genes beyond the fact that they are Pol II genes, but t hey lend to be very long and to have a reasonably high density of nascent transcripts. Scale bar, 1 pm.

Trendelenburg, M. F., and Gurdon, J. B. (1978). Transcription of cloned Xenopus ribosomal genes visualized after injection into oocyte nuclei. Nature (London) 276, 292-294. 

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