Transaminase animal

Chronic copper poisoning in domestic sheep is first characterized by a period of passive accumulation of copper in the tissues. This period varies from a few weeks to more than a year. During this time the animal appears outwardly normal although the liver may contain more than 1000 mg Cu/kg DW and plasma activities of aspartate transaminase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, lactic... 

Hepatic Effects. No studies were located regarding hepatic effects in humans after exposure to 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine. Information from animal studies on the liver effects of exposure to 3,3 -dichloro-benzidine suggests that exposme to sufficiently high levels of the compoimd could cause liver injury as indicated by modest elevation in serum transaminase activity, fatty liver (Stula et al. 1978), decrease in hepatic vitamin E, and lipid peroxidation (Iba 1987a Iba and Lang 1988 Iba and Thomas 1988). Some of these effects may contribute to the liver tumors induced. However, it is not known whether these liver injuries will occur in humans exposed to 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine at levels at which it occurs at hazardous... 

Hepatic function impairment Patients with chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis C coinfection or elevations in transaminases are at an approximately 2.5-fold risk for developing further transaminase elevations or hepatic decompensation. Carcinogenesis Long-term animal carcinogenicity bioassays with tipranavir and tipranavir/ritonavir are currently in progress. 

In the study of N. A. Gorchakova et al, Enterosgel was used for the treatment of fulminant hepatitis in rats caused by administration of tetrachloromethane [25], It was noted that enterosorption hampered hpid peroxidation in hver tissue of experimental animals, elevated activity of enzymes of the antioxidant pool and decreased activity of serum transaminases, which indicates better preservation of hepatocyte membranes. O.R. Grek et al, used multiple administrations of CCl in combination with drinking of 5% ethanol for modeling of chronic hepatitis in rats. They demonstrated a stable positive effect of Enterosgel administration on activity of serum transaminases and alkaline phosphatase, as well as the rate of hepatic metabolism of xenobiotics [26]. 

In female Sprague-Dawley rats, daily intraperitoneal injections of 10, 30, 50 or 70 mg/kg bw 1,1-dimethylhydrazine resulted in the death of 0,5, 6 and 9 out of 10 animals per group (Cornish Hartung, 1969). Surviving animals showed diuresis, increased serum transaminase levels and histopathological signs of mild kidney damage. 

Transaminases participate in metabolism of most of the amino acids, over 60 different enzymes have been identified.142163 Best studied are the aspartate aminotransferases, a pair of cytosolic and mitochondrial isoenzymes which can be isolated readily from animal hearts. Their presence in heart muscle and brain in high concentration is thought to be a result of their functioning in the malate-aspartate shuttle... 

Serum Preparation Whole blood was collected after decapitation of the animal and allowed to clot at room temperature for 30 min. The serum was then separated from the clot by centrifugation at 5000 rpm at U C. Aliquots of the serum were immediately taken and refrigerated for the determination of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase. An additional 0.5 ml of serum from each animal was treated with a few milligrams of sodium fluoride and refrigerated for later glucose determinations. The rest of the serum was frozen for the remainder of the clinical chemistry determinations. 

Clinical Biochemical Determinations of the Serum Serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activities were measured on fresh, refrigerated serum within U8 h of sacrificing the animal. Lactic dehydrogenase was measured according to the method of Amador, Dorfman, and Wacker (12). Serum GPT activity was measured according to the method of Wroblewski and LaDue (13). 

LOAEL = lowest-observed-adverse-effect level NOAEL = no-observed-adverse-effect level ppm = parts per million hr = hour LC100 = lethal concentration, 100% animals exposed d = day Gd = gestation day wk = week deer = decrease SGOT = serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase Micro = microscopic LDH = lactate dehydrogenase gen = generation... 

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