Clinical biochemical determinations

Clinical Biochemical Determinations of the Serum Serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activities were measured on fresh, refrigerated serum within U8 h of sacrificing the animal. Lactic dehydrogenase was measured according to the method of Amador, Dorfman, and Wacker (12). Serum GPT activity was measured according to the method of Wroblewski and LaDue (13). 

There is a continuing demand for fast and simple analytical methods for the determination of many clinical, biochemical and environmental analytes. In this respect, immunoassays and immunosensors that rely on antibody-antigen interactions provide a promising means of analysis owing to their specificity and sensitivity. High specificity... 

Chronic administration of 10,000 ppm to rats and 5000 ppm to dogs, 6 hours/day for 90 days, caused no effects as determined by clinical, biochemical, and histologic examinations. A 40% solution applied to rabbit skin was without effect. Repeated spraying caused irritation of the mucous membrane of rabbit eyes. Dichlorotetrafluoroethane is considered to have little or no mutagenic or carcinogenic potential." ... 

The laboratory director, typically a board-certified clinical biochemical geneticist, reviews all profiles and provides an interpretation based on pattern recognition and not simply on single abnormal values (Table 3.2.2). The laboratory director also determines the need for sample dilutions and carryover checks. 

St. Omer VEV, Rottinghaus GE. Biochemical determination of cholinesterase activity in biological fluids and tissues. In Ballantyne B, Marrs TC, eds. Clinical and Experimental Toxicology of Organophosphates and Carbamates. Oxford Butterworth Heinemann 1992 15-27. 

Toxicology is the science which involves the investigation of the poisoned patient. In the symptomatic patient, the diagnosis of poisoning is made more often on clinical rather than laboratory findings. In all cases of suspected poisoning, the following biochemical determinations should be requested ... 

St. Omer, V. E. V., and Rnttlnghaus, G, E. (1992). Biochemical determination of chloineslerase activity in biological fluids and tissues. In Clinical and Exfterimentnt Toxicology of Organophosphaie. and Carbamates. (B. Ballantync and T. C. Marrs, Eds.), pp. 1.3-27, Bulierworth-Heineniann, Oxford. 

Human blood plasma and serum reflect numerous metabolic activities in the body and are thus frequently submitted to clinical laboratories for biochemical determinations. Because of their established importance and ready accessibility, they also attracted the interest of investigators studying function and metabolism of trace metals. 

We have been studying the clinical, biochemical, and pharmacological properties of PF. A gas chromatographic-mass spectro-metric technique was developed for the determination of free PF in blood and urine (11) clinical results, blood levels, and some biochemical and pharmacological results have been communicated (8). ... 

Analytical Applications. Chemiluminescence and bioluminescence are useful in analysis for several reasons. (/) Modem low noise phototubes when properly instmmented can detect light fluxes as weak as 100 photons/s (1.7 x 10 eins/s). Thus luminescent reactions in which intensity depends on the concentration of a reactant of analytical interest can be used to determine attomole—2eptomole amounts (10 to 10 mol). This is especially useful for biochemical, trace metal, and pollution control analyses (93,260—266) (see Trace and residue analysis). (2) Light measurement is easily automated for routine measurements as, for example, in clinical analysis. 

SlEKMANN L (1979) Determination of steroid hormones by the use of isotope dilution mass spectrometry a definitive method in clinical chemistry. J Steroid Biochem 11 117-123. 

Acatalasemia is a rare hereditary deficiency of tissue catalase and is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait (03). This enzyme deficiency was discovered in 1948 by Takahara and Miyamoto (Tl). Two different types of acatalasemia can be distinguished clinically and biochemically. The severe form, Japanese-type acatalasemia, is characterized by nearly total loss of catalase activity in the red blood cells and is often associated with an ulcerating lesion of the oral cavity. The asymptomatic Swiss-type acatalasemia is characterized by residual catalase activity with aberrant biochemical properties. In four unrelated families with Japanese-type acatalasemia, a splicing mutation due to a G-to-A transition at the fifth nucleotide in intron 4 was elucidated (K20, W5). We have also determined a single base deletion resulting in the frameshift and premature translational termination in the Japanese patient (HI6). 

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