Trading and market based measures

There were reservations recorded by States to Resolution A 37-19 on the basis that the Resolution calls upon developing States to stultify their progress in air transport by enforcing standards equally on developed and developing States. 

The above notwithstanding, ICAO has been at the forefront of aviation and environmental activity as the global forum for aviadmi and has made vast strides over the past 3-4- years in bringing together a world divided by individual philosophies and interests in the field of aviation and environmental protection. As this article will enumerate, there has been much achieved by ICAO. 

One of the economic measures that would be used in this regard is the trading of carbon credits. Therefore, what the aviation community now needs is a clear notion as to how the carbon market works and how credits would be calculated in an 

Air transport has been, and continues to be, a complex business. It follows therefore, that transactions related to this industry are indeed complex and should be adaptable to modem exigencies. A survey of the Intematimial Air Transport Association carried out in 2007 of over 600 companies from 5 countries reflects that 63% confirmed that air transport networks are vital for their investments and business. Thirty prercent of those countries said that any cmistraint placed on the air transport industry would make them invest less.  

The increasing dependency of aviation on fossil fuels, which was exacerbated by the fuel price crisis of 2008, has brought to bear the need to consider the use of alternative fuels in the industry. In this regard, ICAO convened the Conference on Aviation and Alternative Fuels (CAAF) at Rio de Janeiro in Brazil from 16 to 18 November 2009. The Conference was a major event showcasing the state of the art in aviation alternative fuels, and an event at which a Global Framework for 

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The ring-opened polymer of cyclooctene was first marketed in 1980 by Chemische Werke Hills, Marl, Germany, under the trade name Vestenamer 8012. The number 8012 denotes that the product contains 80% trans double bonds and has a viscosity number of 120cm g when measured in 0.1% solution in toluene at 25°C. This polymer also goes under the name rra 5-polyoctenamer (TOR) (Streck 1982). In 1989 an expansion of the Huls plant brought its capacity up to 12 000 tons per year (Streck 1990a). The polymerization process uses a homogeneous WCle-based catalyst. 

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