Tracking flare

Figure 10.10 Typical static intensity profile for a missile tracking flare at sea level with exponentially rising /x.

Long-burning formulations for infrared tracking flares typically comprise burn rate modifiers that extend the burning time. For this purpose, barium stearate has been proposed. Figure 10.20 shows the effect of stearate content on both normalized burn rate and spectral efficiency. Whereas the burn rate drops to levels of 20% of the unaffected composition shown below, the spectral efficiency climbs up to levels of 140% [28]. 

Zirconium hydride was tested as fuel in tracking flare payload and proved inferior to MTV and even nitrate-based flare systems having a radiance, Lo.s-j.spm = 66 W sr cm [52]... 

Infrared radiation is used for both civil and military applications. The military applications are target acquisition, surveillance, homing and tracking. IR flares are used in military applications mainly for two purposes tracking a missile and decoying enemy missiles [13, 14]. Depending on their applications, IR flares are classified into three different classes. 

D.D. Collins, Pyrotechnic Flashes and Flares in Guided Missile Tracking , MilPyroSect-Mtg, AOA, RedstoneArs (1959) 4) J.W. 

Regolith breccias Fragmental debris on surface of body (contain solar-wind gases, solar flare tracks, agglutinates, etc.), usually have light-dark structure... 

Figure 2 Darkfield transmission electron micrographs, (a) Solar-wind sputtered rim on exterior surface plus implanted solar flare tracks in chondritic IDP U220A19 (from Bradley and Brownlee, 1986). (b) Solar flare tracks in a forsterite crystal in chondritic IDP U220B11 (from Bradley et al., 1984a). The track densities in both IDPs are...

Low energy cosmic rays entering the solar system are convected away from the Sun by the solar wind. At lower energies solar flares contribute most of the particles, which tend to mask the galactic contribution. During periods of maximum sunspot activity, solar flares sporadically contaminate the solar system with these low energy particles. The tracks and induced radioactivity that these particles have been found to produce just below the surface of samples of Moon rock, indicate that flares have been a... 

A set of at least two cubes are used to achieve the full capability of the instrument. The relative locations of the radiometer cubes and the flare, as well as the orientations of the cubes are determined prior to the flare test and entered into the computer to allow real-time tracking of key flare radiation parameters. Each radiometer on the cubes is connected to a data acquisition system. The data acquisition system collects the data from each sensor and performs trigonometric calculations using a complex set of equations. The results are real-time parameters of the flare radiation total radiation levels from both cubes, incidence angles, and the flare epicenter coordinates. This instrument has three main advantages over the handheld instrument ... 

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