Tracking filter

Chakarvarti SK, Vetter J (1991) Morphology of etched pores and microstructures fabricated from nuclear track filters. Nucl Instrum Methods B 62 109-115... 

Chakarvarti SK, Vetter J (1993) Microfabrication of metal-semiconductor heterostructures and tubules using nuclear track filters. J Micromech Microeng 3 57-59... 

X.Q. Xie, D.H. Zhou, and Y.H. Jin. Strong tracking filter based adaptive generic model control. Journal of Process Control, 9 337-350, 1999. 

Nuclear tracks produced by ion beams have been applied to many fields such as track detectors for cosmic rays, nuclear track filters, membranes for separation processes, and single-pore membranes [24], However, the mechanisms of formation of nuclear tracks have not been elucidated so far. 

FIGURE 31.12 T3fpical representation of the holes formed in a PVDF nuclear track filter after irradiation in accelerator and the subsequent etching with 6 M KOH and 0.1 Fw KMNO4. (Reproduced from Gopalani, D., Kumar, S., Jodha, A.S., Singh, R., Khatri, P.K., and Gopal, R., J. Membr. Sci., 178, 93, 2000. With permission.)... 

To measure impedance, an external current must be applied it is an exogenous method. Thus, impedance measurements are ideally suited for synchronous rectification (SR) because the external excitation signal is available. The SR acts as a sort of sharp tracking filter with a bandwidth dependent on the time constant of the output of the low-pass filter. The result is a very noisy robust system. 

Preselector A tracking filter located ahead of the first mixer that allows only a narrow band of frequencies... 

Fig. 27. Scanning electron micrograph (a) and cross-sectional comparison (b) of screen and depth filters both having a nominal particulate cut-off of 0.4 flm. The screen filter (a Nuclepore radiation track membrane) captures particulates at the surface. The phase-inversion ceUulosic membrane traps the...

A control system that contains a LQ Regulator/Tracking controller together with a Kalman filter state estimator as shown in Figure 9.8 is called a Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control system. 

Very small particles can be collected but large ones (above 5 pm) can cause arcing across the narrow gap between collector plates. A coarse filter should first remove these large particles. Precipitators are not normally suitable for wet environments since excessive moisture can cause electrical tracking and failure. Resistance to airflow is negligible. 

Fig. II Fluorescence scan of a chromatogram track with SOO ng each of noradrenaline (1), adrenaline (2), serotonin (3), vanilmandelic add (4), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic add (6), homovanillic acid (7) and vanillic acid (8) together with 230 ng creatinine, all per chromatogram zone measurement at X(3,c = 313 nm and > 390 nm (cut off filter FI 39 (A)), X = 365 nm and Xj, >430 nm...

Measurements were made using two types of passive track-etch alpha dosimeters. One of them was the bare detector of CR-39. After exposure these dosimeters were etched by 30 % NaOH at 70°C for 5 hours. The number of pits was scored under a microscope with a television camera in Shiga University of Medical Science. Methods of calibration and adjustment for deposition of radon daughters introduced by Yonehara (Yonehara et al., 1986) were adopted. The second detectors were Terradex type SF (Alter and Price, 1972). These detectors consist of a plastic cup, covered by a filter to allow entry only of gases, with a track-etch detector inside. The reading of results was carried out by Terradex Corp. in Walnut Creek, California, U.S.A.. The measurements of radon concentration were carried out by both methods in each location, except for Hokkaido where the measurements were done only by Terradex. However, the data obtained by CR-39 detectors will be mainly presented in this paper, because the two methods did not give identical results as separately reported in this proceedings by Yonehara et al. (Yonehara et al., 1986). 

In a recent analysis carried out for a bounded open system with a classically chaotic Hamiltonian, it has been argued that the weak form of the QCT is achieved by two parallel processes (B. Greenbaum et.al., ), explaining earlier numerical results (S. Habib et.al., 1998). First, the semiclassical approximation for quantum dynamics, which breaks down for classically chaotic systems due to overwhelming nonlocal interference, is recovered as the environmental interaction filters these effects. Second, the environmental noise restricts the foliation of the unstable manifold (the set of points which approach a hyperbolic point in reverse time) allowing the semiclassical wavefunction to track this modified classical geometry. 

Herman, S. and Moulin, P.M. A particle filtering approach to passive radar tracking and automatic target recognition IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings, 2002. Vol.4, pp 1789-41808, 9-16 March 2002. 

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