Toxicological drug screening

I. Ojanpera, Toxicological drug screening by thin-layer chromatography, Trends Anal. Chem., 77 222(1992). 

Ojanpera, I. Goebel, K. Vuori, E. Toxicological drug screening by overpressured layer chromatography. J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. 1999, 22, 161-171. 

Caf.Tp Par,Acsal.various hypnoti cs Toxicological drug screen PE/HS-5 C8 125x4.6 Gradient of 20-60% ACN in 0.05 M phosphate buffer(pH 4.4) 194... 

Ojanpera (1992) contributed a review with 55 references on toxicological drug screening by TLC. The article covers computerized system evaluation, automated sample application, instrumental modes of development, and computerized identification by use of values for numerous compounds. 

Lai C-K, Lee T, Au K-M, Chan AY- W. Uniform solid-phase extraction procedure for toxicological drug screening in serum and urine by HPLC with photodiode-array detection. Clin Chem 1997 43(2) 312-25. 

Predictions of no, or low, toxicity in a general drug screening approach should be used to indicate a possible absence of toxicity in potential drug candidates. Inevitably this would require further toxicological assessment of potential drugs to ensure safety. 

The analysis of codeine, morphine, 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM, a metabohte of heroin), and cocaine is important for many toxicology labs to determine illicit drug use. When analyzing opiates in urine samples, frequently the matrix chosen for drug screening, the conjugated metabolites must be hydrolyzed however, this process can break down 6-MAM (Christophersen et al., 1987). These compounds can be derivatized to increase sensitivity, and both BCD and NPD are used for these assays. Derivatizations used include reaction with N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide followed by GC-FID (Lin et al., 1994) or with N,0-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (Christophersen et al., 1987 Lee and Lee, 1991), PFPA (Christophersen et al., 1987), or heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFBA) followed by GC-ECD. All these methods show good sensitivity and selectivity. 

Drummer OH, Horomidis S, Kourtis S, Syrjanen ML, Tippett P. 1994. Capillary gas chromatographic drug screen for use in forensic toxicology. J Anal Toxicol 18 134. 

The authors recommended including vitreous glucose and gammahydroxybutyrate analysis as part of postmortem toxicology work-up when the drug screen reveals either olanzapine or clozapine. 

Ojanpera, E Ojansivu, R.-L. Nokua, E Vuori, E. Comprehensive TEC drug screening in forensic toxicology comparison of findings in urine and liver. E Planar Chromatogr.-Mod. TLC 1999, 12, 38-45. 

Forney R. Modified Davidow TLC drug screening procedure. In Sunshine I ed. Methodology for analytical toxicology. Boca Raton, CRC Press Inc. 1975 443-7. 

Lash, L.H. (2012) Human proximal tubular cells as an in vitro model for drug screening and mechanistic toxicology. AltTox Essay, http //alttox.org/ttrc/toxicity-tests/repeated-dose/way-forward/lash/ (accessed on October 12, 2015). 

Drummer, O.H. Kotsos, A. McIntyre, I.M. Class-independent drug screen in forensic toxicology using a photodiode array detector. J. Anal. Toxicol. 1993,17 (4), 225-229. 

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