Toxic organic compounds, determination

EPA. 1988a. Compendium of methods for the determination of toxic organic compounds in ambient air Method TO-f. Second supplement. Office of research and development, quality assurance division. Research Triangle Park, NC. 

EPA method TO-14 Compendium of Methods for Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air EPA 600/4-84-041, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, April 1984, and May 1988. 

U.S. EPA, Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air, Reproduced by US Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA, 1988. 

EPA. 1988d. Compendium of methods for determination of toxic organic compounds in ambient air. 

The determination of the weight of toxic organic compound adsorbed per unit mass of activated carbon QUm), for the three organic compounds at the three aforementioned concentrations is illustrated m Tables C to CXXVI. For each isotherm, X/m was dependent upon the tai eted treatment level. Two targeted treatment concentrations (TOC readings) of 5 mg/l and 50 mg/1 were used throughout from Tables C to CXXVI. For the BET isotherm, the saturated concentration of solute values, Cs, of 65 mg/1,195 mg/I and 325 mg/1 were used for o anic compound concentrations of 100 mg/1,300 mg/1 and 500 mg/1 respectively. 

In spite of a number of practical difficulties and thermodynamic limitations. Eh measurements provide a rapid, simple operational parameter to determine the intensity of reduction in wetland soils. Over the last half century, a large number of Eh measurements have been made in a wide range of natural systems, and in certain cases. Eh values have been related to various biogeochemi-cal transformations. Thus, Eh values, at the minimum, provide a qualitative measure of the range of Eh values where selected processes affect the fate of many nutrients, trace metals, and toxic organic compounds. 

A large group of the USEPA methods for the determination of toxic organic compounds are collectively known as the TO series. Presently seventeen of these methods exist and are labeled as such, TO-1 through TO-17 (120,121). Table 15.18 summarizes 16 of these methods. 

TABLE 15.18 USEPA Methods for Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Air... 

W. T. Winberry, Jr., N. T. Murphy, and R. M. Riggan, Methods for the Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Air, EPA Methods, Noyes Data Corp., Park Ridge, NJ, 1990. 

In principle, enzyme-based biosensors have potential application in the agro-food analysis, within three main areas that are food safety, food quality, and process control. The term food safety involves the concept of the production and marketing of harmless food, monitoring the presence of contaminants, such as residues of pesticides, fertilizers, heavy metals, and other toxic organic compounds also used as additives. Food quality is related not only to safety but mainly to nutritional value and acceptability. Thus, in this context freshness, appearance, flavor, texture, and composition are food characteristics that have to be controlled. Moreover, enzyme biosensors allow the determination and quantification, on-line, of compounds of interest in process control, such as fermentation, sugar, alcohols contents, and so on. 

U.S. EPA, Compendium methods for determination of toxic organic compounds in ambient air. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs in ambient air using gas chromatography-mass spectrometiy, GC-MS). Method TO-13A, Cincinnati, 1999, EPA/625/R-96/010b. 

EPA, Compendium Method TO-lOA Determination of pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in ambient air using low volume polyurethane foam (PUF) sampling followed by gas chromatographic/multi-detector detection (GC/MD), pp. 37, in Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air, 2nd ed., Cincinnati, OH Center for Environmental Research Information, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1999. 

---