Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 TSST

Bohach GA, Schlievert PM Detection of endotoxin by enhancement with toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1). Methods Enzymol 1988 165 302-306. 

The situation in staphylococci is somewhat different. The first staphylococcal pathogenicity islands (SaPIs) identified (SaPIs 1,2, and 3) were discovered because of their carriage of the genes for toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and other superantigens. They were soon found to be highly mobile, owing to their relationship with certain phages [3]. The SaPIs are inserted at specific... 

Staphylococcus aureus produces a set of proteins [e.g., staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), SEB, toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1)], which act both as superantigens and toxins. Hamad and coworkers (66)found dose-dependent, facilitated transcytosis of SEB and TSST-1, but not SEA, in Caco-2 cells. They extended their studies in mice in vivo by showing that ingested SEB appears in the blood more efficiently than does SEA. 

Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is one of seven enterotoxins produced by strains of Staphylococcus aureus. SEB, the best understood of the staphylococcal enterotoxins, can be regarded as the type enterotoxin. Staphylococcal enterotoxins, toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), and certain other bacterial products (such as streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins [SPE]) and viral products (which are not discussed in this chapter) are commonly referred to as superantigens because of their profound effects on the immune system. Minute concentrations of superantigens can activate the immune system receptors because they bind with strong avidity to T-cell antigen receptors and class II molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). 

Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) Octyl Agarose A 1.5M ammonium sulfate, 100 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.0 B Buffer A without ammonium sulfate 567... 

E, toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1), the streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (SPE) A, B, Cs, G, and H, the streptococcal mitogenic exotoxins, SMEZ and SMEZ-2 are the best structurally studied superantigens thus far (Tables 5 and 6). 

The third homology group comprises toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1) and SPE-B, which share key amino acid residues with the other toxins but exhibit only weak sequence homology overall. However, data from X-ray crystallography of SEB2 and TSST-13,4 indicate that these representatives of the two groups have considerable similarities in their three-dimensional structures. 

Toxic shock syndrome toxins (TSST) Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE)... 

S. aureus is a common inhabitant of animals and a major question is can animal S. aureus be transferred to humans and become colonized. There is little evidence for this, as no study has been conducted to determine whether such transfer can occur. It is of interest that the toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST) produced by human S. aureus is also produced... 

The staphylococcal enterotoxins are moderately stable proteins therefore, immunological evaluation should be possible on samples collected in either deployed or fixed medical treatment facilities. Immunoassays can detect picogram quantities of toxins in environmental samples. For comparison, 440 pg/mL was reported as the mean concentration of TSST-1 in human sera from patients with toxic shock syndrome.25 Anti-TSST-1 antibody titers are either suppressed or depleted in patients with toxic shock syndrome26,27 and the levels only recover during convalescence. In addition, most normal human serum samples contain detectable levels of antibody reacting with several different bacterial pyrogenic toxins, including... 

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