Toxic effects grades

Health and Safety Factors. The toxic effects of the mononitrotoluenes are similar to but less pronounced than those described for nitrobenzene. The maximum allowable concentration for the mononitrotoluenes is 2 ppm (11 mg/m ) (6). Mononitrotoluenes are low grade methemoglobin formers (4) and may be absorbed through the skin and respiratory tract. The toxicity of alkyl nitrobenzenes decreases with an increasing... 

Health Hazards Information - Recommended Personal Protective Equipment U.S. Bu. Mines approved toxic dust mask chemical goggles rubber gloves neoprene-coated shoes Symptoms Following Erqrosure Inhalation produces slight toxic effects. Contact with eyes irritates eyes and causes skin rash General Treatment for Exposure INHALATION remove to fresh air. EYES wash with water for 20 min. call a physician. SKIN wash with water Toxicity by Inhalation (ThresholdLimit Value) Data not available Short-Term Exposure Limits Data not available Toxicity by Ingestion Grade 2 oral rat LDjq 820 mg/kg Late Toxicity Data not available Vapor (Gas) Irritant Characteristics Data not available Liquid or Solid Irritant Characteristics Data not available Odor Threshold Data not available. 

In summary, preliminary results from two animal models (rabbit and mouse) indicate that poly(N-palmitoylhydroxyproline ester) elicits a very mild, local tissue response that compares favorably with the responses observed for established biomaterials such as medical grade stainless steel or poly(lactic acid)/poly(glycolic acid) implants. At this point, additional assays need to be performed to evaluate possible allergic responses, as well as systemic toxic effects, carcinogenic, teratogenic, or mutagenic activity, and adaptive responses. 

It should be clear from the earlier discussion that the measurable endpoint of toxicity could be a biochemical, physiological, or pathological change. This toxic effect will show a graded 7 increase as the dose of toxicant increases. Alternatively, the toxic effect may be an all-or-none effect such as death or the presence or absence of a tumor (which can be considered in such a way). These are also called quantal effects. In this case, an increase in the dose will result in an increase in the proportion of individuals showing the response rather than an increase in the magnitude of the effect. 

Pentachlorophenol is a poison by several routes. Human exposure causes increased respiradon, fever, tachycardia, muscle weakness, and cardiac failure. Many toxic effects are due to impurides in commercial-grade material. A teratogen and mutagen. Pentachlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol may interfere with mitochondrial oxidadve phosphor)Iadon. When heated to decomposidon they emit toxic fumes of CL. See also specific compounds, PHENOL, and CHLORIDES. 

Of 49 patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma treated with subcutaneous interleukin-4 (4 micrograms/kg/ day for 28 days followed by a 7-day rest), nine had 13 episodes of grade 4 toxicity (3). Severe unexpected toxic effects included three cases of Bell s palsy and one episode of severe hypoglycemia in a previously well-con-trolled patient with diabetes mellitus. 

Myelosuppression, neutropenia, and to a lesser extent thrombocytopenia, are dose-limiting toxic effects of topotecan. Reversible non-cumulative neutropenia usually occurs at between days 8 and 15 after an intravenous dosage of 1.5 mg/m on five consecutive days. The nadir of the neutrophil count occurs on day 11, with recovery on day 21. Neutropenia, with cell counts less than 1.5 x lO /l (grade 2) and 0.5 x 10 /1 (grade 4), is observed in 70-97% of patients. In addition, 4-33% of patients treated with conventional dosages of topotecan develop neutropenic fever (97-99). 

The toxic effects of heptachlor are the same as those for chlordane. A case report of oral exposure to technical-grade chlordane reported neurological effects including irritability, salivation, dizziness, muscle tremors, and convulsions. However, exposure measurements were not provided in the report, and technical-grade chlordane contains varying amounts of heptachlor. The effects cannot be said to have resulted from exposure to heptachlor only. 

Patients developed grade 2 1 neurological toxic effect... 

Impurities (-e ft/rsn) Increase toxicity. Before distilling checKfor peroxides if found, rerxter harmless. Alcohol consumption increases toxic effects. Commercial grade Is usually stabilized with 4-metl -2,6-di-t-butylphenol or hydroquinone ferrosuHate. Use airtight packaging. 

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