Total power loss

Figure 10-123 shows a typical power consumption in thrust bearings as a function of unit speed. Tne total power loss is usually about 0.8-10 percent of the total rate power of the unit. New vector lube bearings reduce the horsepower loss by as much as 30 percent. In large vertical pumps, thrust bearings take not only the load caused by... 

FIG. 10 123 Difference in total-power-loss data test minus catalog frictional losses versus shaft speed for 6 X 6 pad doiihle-element thrust hearings. 

Contact power theory is an empirical approach relating particulate collection efficiency and pressure drop in wet scrubber systems. The concept is an outgrowth of the observation that particulate collection efficiency in spray-type scrubbers is mainly determined by pressure drop for the gas plus any power expended in atomizing the liquid. Contact power theory assumes that the particulate collection efficiency in a scrubber is solely a fimction of the total power loss for the unit. The total power loss, is assumed to be composed of two parts the power loss of the gas passing through the scrubber, q, and the power loss of the spray liquid during atomization, The gas term can be estimated by... 

Figure 10-121 shows a typical power consumption in thrust bearings as a function of unit speed. The total power loss is usually about... 

The power losses P z, t) and T (z, t) by elastic collisions and by the /th excitation or dissociation process, the lumped power loss P z, t) in inelastic collisions, and the total power loss P z, t) in collisions have the representation... 

The evolution of the mean total power loss by collisions /" / and by the various collision processes in the nitrogen plasma is also displayed in Fig. 5. It can be seen (right) that at almost all field strengths considered, the mean loss by vibrational excitation P"/n is the dominant power loss channel. Only at field strengths below about 0.2 V/cm, where the power loss by elastic collisions F /n becomes dominant, and above about 60 V/cm, where the power loss by the triplet excitation P /n becomes dominant, is this not the case. 

The representations of the total power loss in collisions P (/) and of the mean energy density Eqs. (48) and (16) clearly indicate that the rapidity of the dissipation of the kinetic energy per volume unit t) dU contained in the... 

Since the symmetry of the upper and lower legs, the total power-loss of NPC three-level inverter with SVPWM is... 

In one of the designs of HM furnace, the contact resistance of the current feed cone to the element was a controlling factor and up to 30% of the total power loss could be dissipated at these contacts. In operation, a furnace with a 50 mm radial thickness of insulation required a load of 37 kVA to maintain the furnace at 2300°C, about 44% of the heat was lost radially to the outer cooling jacket, about 48% through the end clamps and 8% in the cooled end transfer ports. 

Thus, the sum on the left side of (5.239) is the total power loss in all the bipolar plates in the stack. This suggests that with a proper choice of the reference point for potentials, the left side of Eq. (5.238) would represent... 

The same result is obtained for the respective integrals over the interval [5,1]. Clearly, all three integrals over [0,1] (the total power loss) are twice... 

A simple explanation of these observations Is difficult because of the complexity of the various influences upon friction and power loss but the extremely small contribution of asperity interaction to the total power loss will once again be noted. 

The dissipation factor in an insnlating material is the ratio of the total power loss in the material to the product of the voltage and current in a capacitor in which the material is a dielectric. Many of the test methods (such as that shown in Fig. 8.14) used for measuring dielectric constant also figure 8.14 measure the dissipation factor. Dissipation factor also varies with freqnency. Dissipation factor. 

Dissipation factor/loss tangent The property is the ratio of the total power loss in a material to the product of the voltage and current in a capacitor in which the material is a dielectric. 

The first factor to be considered is the energy necessary to remove the coil heat from its operating temperature to the temperature of the refrigerator heat sink (room temperature). This energy cost must clearly be added to the coil dissipation to obtain the total power loss to be ascribed to the production of the confining magnetic field. 

Horsepower losses. Prediction of gear-unit losses is an inexact science at best. The total power loss of a gear unit is made up of (1) the frictional loss in the oil film separating the teeth as they slide over one another, (2) bearing losses, and (3) windage and pumping losses. 

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