Total allowable analytical error

Analyte ion 1 % total allowable analytical error, Ac (mmoircva (1%) Total allowable analytical error CAP Ac (mmoir ) CVa (%) Total allowable analytical error OG/CC Ac (mmoir ) , cvg (%) Total allowable error CAP e.m.f. (mV) 37° C ideal slope assumed (<1%)... 

The balance of this chapter focuses primarily on analytical quafity and the procedures by which it is monitored. Goals for analytical quafity are established in the same way that they are established for purposes of method evaluation (see Chapter 14). The philosophy is to define an allowable analytical error based on medical usefulness requirements. A total error specification is useful because it wfil permit the calculation of the sizes of random and systematic errors that have to be detected to maintain per-... 

The national allowable total analytical error, TEa is 6%. According to the European specifications for inaccuracy, the respective allowable bias is maximally 4.2% [15, 16], Table 2 shows the relative biases calculated from the PT results according to the Marchandise equa-... 

In order to describe the fluorescence radiation profile of scattering samples in total, Eqs. (8.3) and (8.4) have to be coupled. This system of differential equations is not soluble exactly, and even if simple boundary conditions are introduced the solution is possible only by numerical approximation. The most flexible procedure to overcome all analytical difficulties is to use a Monte Carlo simulation. However, this method is little elegant, gives noisy results, and allows resimulation only according to the method of trial and error which can be very time consuming, even in the age of fast computers. Therefore different steps of simplifications have been introduced that allow closed analytical approximations of sufficient accuracy for most practical purposes. In a first... 

DQIs are usually thought of as attributes of a laboratory measurement system. However, a broader definition of primary DQIs will enable us to assess the entire measurement system that includes not only the laboratory measurements but also the sampling design and field procedures. Such broad interpretation of the primary DQIs will allow us to evaluate all components of total error and with it the overall, not just the analytical, data quality. The DQI definitions (EPA, 1999a) presented in this chapter are interpreted in a manner that encompasses all qualitative and quantitative components of total error. 

TEa is the analytical quality requirement expressed as an allowable total error. Minimum total error requirements are... 

Define the analytical quafity requirement in the form of an allowable total error (TE ). 

The primary performance measures of a ligand-binding assay are bias/trueness and precision. These measures along with the total error are then used to derive and evaluate several other performance characteristics such as sensitivity (LLOQ), dynamic range, and dilutional linearity. Estimation of the primary performance measures (bias, precision, and total error) requires relevant data to be generated from a number of independent runs (also termed as experiments or assay s). Within each run, a number of concentration levels of the analyte of interest are tested with two or more replicates at each level. The primary performance measures are estimated independently at each level of the analyte concentration. This is carried out within the framework of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) model with the experimental runs included as a random effect [23]. Additional terms such as analyst, instmment, etc., may be included in this model depending on the design of the experiment. This ANOVA model allows us to estimate the overall mean of the calculated concentrations and the relevant variance components such as the within-run variance and the between-run variance. 

From the effluent concentration profile in a polymer or tracer flood, the total core Peclet number is calculated by fitting the analytic form of the convection-dispersion equation as described above. The most direct experimental comparison between the dispersion appropriate for polymer and for an inert tracer should be done in experiments in which both species are present in the injected pulse of labelled polymer solution. This helps to reduce greatly errors that may arise when separate tracer and polymer experiments are carried out. For example, in the study by Sorbie et al (1987d), the dispersion properties of two different xanthans were examined in consolidated outcrop sandstone cores. In all floods, the inert tracer, Cl, was used, thus allowing the dispersion coefficient of the xanthan and tracer to be measured in the same flood. An example of this is shown for a low-concentration (low-... 

---