Effluent concentration profile

Moreover, they are all based on isothermal behavior and approximations of adsorption isotherms and have not been applied to multicomponent mixtures. The greatest value of these calculation methods may lie in the prediction of effects of changes in basic data such as flow rates and slopes of adsorption isotherms after experimental data have been measured of breakthroughs and effluent concentration profiles. In a multicomponent system, each substance has a different breakthrough which is affected by the presence of the other substances. Experimental curves such as those of Figure 15.14 must be the basis for sizing an adsorber. 

Since taking samples of adsorbent from various positions in the bed for analysis is difficult, it is usual to deduce the shape of the adsorption front and the width of the MTZ from the effluent concentration profile which may be monitored with a continuous analyzer-recorder or by sampling. The overall width of the MTZ, for instance, is given in terms of the exhaustion and breakthrough times and the superficial velocity as... 

Figure 2. Effluent concentration profile in displacement chromatography.

Solving the coupled, partial differential equations (eqs 6 and 7), allows for the prediction of the effluent concentration profile. 

Figure 13 CORE INJECTIVITY TEST Effluent Concentration Profile...

Mechanistic interpretations The results of the dynamic and equilibrium displacement experiments are used to evaluate and further define mechanisms by which alkaline floods increase the displacement and recovery of acidic oil in secondary mode and the tertiary mode floods. The data sets used in the mechanistic interpretations of alkaline floods are (a) overall and incremental recovery efficiencies from dynamic and equilibrium displacement experiments, (b) production and effluent concentration profiles from dynamic displacement experiments, (c) capillary pressure as a function of saturation curves and conditions of wettability from equilibrium displacement experiments, (d) interfacial tension reduction and contact angle alteration after contact of aqueous alkali with acidic oil and, (e) emulsion type, stability, size and mode of formation. These data sets are used to interpret the results of the partially scaled dynamic experiments in terms of two-stage phase alteration mechanisms of emulsification followed by entrapment, entrainment, degrees and states of wettability alteration or coalescence. 

From the effluent concentration profile in a polymer or tracer flood, the total core Peclet number is calculated by fitting the analytic form of the convection-dispersion equation as described above. The most direct experimental comparison between the dispersion appropriate for polymer and for an inert tracer should be done in experiments in which both species are present in the injected pulse of labelled polymer solution. This helps to reduce greatly errors that may arise when separate tracer and polymer experiments are carried out. For example, in the study by Sorbie et al (1987d), the dispersion properties of two different xanthans were examined in consolidated outcrop sandstone cores. In all floods, the inert tracer, Cl, was used, thus allowing the dispersion coefficient of the xanthan and tracer to be measured in the same flood. An example of this is shown for a low-concentration (low-... 

Figure 7.1.5. (a) Effluent concentration profile from a fixed bed (breakthrouffli curve) for one solute i in feed, (b) Column concentration profile at three different times tj. t2 < >tj and tf,rfi>r one solute i in feed, (c) Breakthrough curve from a fixed bed for a feed containing three solutes i = 1, 2, 3 species 3 is least strongly adsorbed species 1 is most strongly adsorbed. 

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