Toluene acidity

Bottle polymer should have a minimum of contaminants, the determination of which is carried out by the same methods as mentioned above for fiber polymers. It should be noted that the quality of the TPA as a starting material has a significant influence on that of the polymer. The color is affected by the content of chemical impurities in the raw material, such as heavy metals, carboxyben-zaldehyde and toluenic acid. 

An accurately measured volume of the stock solution was placed in an Erlenmeyer flask to which was added an aqueous acid solution (10 1 toluene/acid). The flask was stoppered, placed in an ice bath, and stirred for 1-2 h. For the precipitation of hydrochloride salts, dry hydrogen chloride gas was bubbled through the toluene solution in place of adding aqueous acid (70% perchloric acid, 50% gluconic acid, 1M citric acid, or 100% glycerophosphoric acid). The precipitated salts were collected by suction filtration, and were washed three times with toluene, dried in vacuo at 80° C, and weighed. 

The isolation of the salts precipitated by glycerophosphoric acid was handled somewhat differently. Filtration of the toluene/acid mixture yielded a gummy, black solid, which was washed with water to give a fine brown precipitate this was dried in vacuo and weighed. The water washings were treated with aqueous sodium hydroxide... 

T=80-1500C) Hydrogenation of p-carboxy-benzaldehyde to p-toluenic acid (T=254 C) Hydrogenation of furanto tetrahydrofuran (T=1400C) Hydrogenation of quinone. acetic anhydride to 2-methyl-1,4 ... 

Collection on filter extraction with toluene acid/base fractionation drying and concentrati on... 

Put. the heat/acid-resistant container into the pan and SLOWLY heat the toluene/acid mixture to 65°C (149°F). Keep the toluene/acid mixture between 55°C (131 °F) and 65°C 049°F) for 1 hour by turning off the heat when the mixture approaches 65°C (149CF) and allowing the mixture to cool to 55°C (131 °F) before turning the heat back on. 

In our system, the acid chloride as the acylating agent was not applicable due to the basic conditions of the proposed transformation and the internal free nitrogen of the piperidyl moiety. However, the trioxifene acylation was adapted by preparing the phenyl ester of 5. Therefore, the required phenyl 4-[2-(l-piperidinyl)ethoxy]benzoate (9) was prepared by alkylating methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate with 2-(l-piperidinyl)ethyl chloride (6). Hydrolysis of the methyl ester provided the carboxylic acid that was converted to the acid chloride (8) using SOCI2 in a mixture of 1,2-dichloroethane and toluene. Acid chloride 8 was then reacted with sodium phenolate to provide 9 as a stable crystalline solid in 64% overall yield from the carboxylic acid. 

Liq. anion-exchanger. Trialkyl tertiary amine mixt. of Cg and Cjo chains with Cg predominating. Used as soln. in toluene for extraction of Ga, In, Fe(//7) from halide media. Oily liq. Sol. toluene, acids insol. H2O. d 0.8. Av. MW 390. 

Antipyretic, analgesic. Reagent for colorimetric anal, of phenols and anilines used as 10% soln. in 0.1 M H2SO4 for photometric detn. of Cu, Fe, platinum metals. Cryst. (toluene). Sol. H7O, EtOH, CHCI3, Et20, toluene, acids. Mp 107-109°. 

It was first described in 1608 when it was sublimed out of gum benzoin. It also occurs in many other natural resins. Benzoic acid is manufactured by the air oxidation of toluene in the liquid phase at 150°C and 4-6 atm. in the presence of a cobalt catalyst by the partial decarboxylation of phthalic anhydride in either the liquid or vapour phase in the presence of water by the hydrolysis of benzotrichloride (from the chlorination of toluene) in the presence of zinc chloride at 100°C. 

It is prepared by fully chlorinating toluene. When heated with water at 100°C, or with lime, benzoic acid is obtained, benzoyl The group PhC(O)-. 

Prepared by mononilrating toluene, as a 40% constituent of the mixture of isomers. It is reduced to p-toluidine with iron and hydrochloric acid. 

Obtained synthetically by one of the following processes fusion of sodium ben-zenesulphonate with NaOH to give sodium phenate hydrolysis of chlorobenzene by dilute NaOH at 400 C and 300atm. to give sodium phenate (Dow process) catalytic vapour-phase reaction of steam and chlorobenzene at 500°C (Raschig process) direct oxidation of cumene (isopropylbenzene) to the hydroperoxide, followed by acid cleavage lo propanone and phenol catalytic liquid-phase oxidation of toluene to benzoic acid and then phenol. Where the phenate is formed, phenol is liberated by acidification. 

C7H7CIO1S, p-CHjCjsH SOjCI. Colourless crystals, m.p. 7l°C, formed by the action of chlorosulphonic acid on toluene. Esters of toluenesulphonic acid are frequently called tosylatesand their formation tosylation. Many tosylates are easily obtained crystalline, and the reaction is thus of considerable importance. 

It is prepared by the direct nitration of toluene with a mixture of nitric and sulphuric acids. TNT is a very stable, violent and powerful high explosive, but less sensitive to shock and friction than picric acid. It is widely used as a filling for shells, bombs, etc. often mixed with ammonium nitrate and other high explosives. The lower grades of TNT may contain isomers which under hot storage conditions may give rise to exudation. 

Naphthalene, oxalic acid (hydrated), cinnamic acid, acetamide, benzamide, m-dinitrobenzene,/>-nitrophenol, toluene p-sulphon-... 

Toluene however sulphonates readily, and the following preparation illustrates the rapid formation of toluene-p ulphonic acid mixed with a small proportion of the deliquescent o-sulphonic acid, and the isolation of the pure crystalline /lara-isomer. 

Place 30 ml. of pure toluene and 6ml. of concentrated sulphuric acid in a 100 ml. conical flask fitted with a reflux water-condenser. Boil the mixture gently over a gauze for 5 minutes, with frequent and thorough shaking to mix the two layers. Now... 

The toluene-p sulphon-dimethylamide can be readily hydrolysed by boiling under reflux with 70% sulphuric acid (see p. 107). If the... 

Toluene-/ sulplionamide is almost insolubb in cold water, but dissolves readily in sodium hydroxide solution (as the sodium derivative) aid is immediately reprecipitated on the addition of strong acids. To show the formation of the sodium derivative, dissolve about o-2 g. of metallic sodium in about 10 ml, of ethanol, cool the solution, and then add it to a solution of 1 g. of the sulphonamide in 20 ml. of cold edianol. On shaking the mixture, fine white crystals of the sodium derivative, CH,C,HjSO,NHNa, rapidly separate, and may be obtained pure by filtering at the pump, and washing firet with a few ml. of ethanol, and then with ether. 

Dichloramine-T. Dilute 80 ml, of freshly prepared 2N sodium hypochlorite soluticMi (preparation, p. 525) with 80 ml. of w ter, and then add with stirring 5 g. of finely powdered toluene-p-sulphonamide, a clear solution being rapidly obtained. Cool in ice-water, and then add about 50 ml. of a mixture of equal volumes of glacial acetic acid and water slowly with stirring until precipitation is complete the dichloro-amide separates at first as a fine emulsion, which rapidly forms brittle colourless crystals. Filter off the latter at the pump, wash well with... 

During this period hydrogen chloride continues to be liberally evolved, and the product darkens considerably in colour. Now pour the product cautiously into 500 ml. of dilute hydrochloric acid and 100 g. of chipped ice in a separating-funnel, and shake the mixture thoroughly this operation removes the dark colour, and the toluene solution becomes yellow. Run off the lower acid layer, and extract the toluene three times with water. Finally dry the toluene solution over calcium chloride. 

Some less reactive tertiary amines can be mixed with an excess of methyl toluene-/)-sulphonate, m.p. 28 , and the mixture (without a solvent) heated to a much higher temperature. The mixture is allowed to cool, but before solidification occurs, it is thoroughly stirred with ether to extract unused sulphonate, and the insoluble quaternary metho-toluene-/)-sulphonate may then crystallise. If ciystallisation does not occur, dissolve this residue in ethanol and treat one portion with ethanolic picric acid (to precipitate the methopicrate) and another portion with cold concentrated ethanolic sodium iodide (to precipitate the methiodide). (M.ps. of the siilphon.ates, pp. 553 -554.)... 

Benzene. Pure benzene (free in particular from toluene) must be used, otherwise the freezing-point is too low, and crystallisation may not occur with ice-water cooling alone. On the other hand, this benzene should not be specially dried immediately before use, as it then becomes slightly hygroscopic and does not give a steady freezing-point until it has been exposed to the air for 2-3 hours. Many compounds (particularly the carboxylic acids) associate in benzene, and molecular weights determined in this solvent should therefore be otherwise confirmed. 

Substances suitable for the estimation acetanilide, sucrose, glucose, cinnamic acid, diphenyl amine, salicylic acid, vanillin, />"bromoacetanilide, toluene p-sul phonamide. 

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