Tobacco smoke, nonvolatile nitrosamines

Nonvolatile Nitrosamines In Tobacco Smoke. Although there are more than 10 million exsmokers in the U.S.A., 53 million adults continue to smoke cigarettes and an additional 10 million still smoke cigars or pipes (39). The cigarette smokers are exposed to about 10 ng of volatile nitrosamines, 20-40 ng of NDELA and, most importantly, to 1-10 pg of tobacco specific N-nitros-amines with each cigarette smoked (Table IV). Similar quantities of the TSNA are found in sidestream smoke. The quantities of TSNA in the smoke are dependent on nitrate, nitrite, tobacco alkaloids and on NNN, NNK and NAT in the tobacco itself (31)>... 

As noted in 1984 by Hoffmann et al. (1696), three types of NNAs are formed in tobacco processing and during the tobacco smoking process volatile A-nitrosamines (VNAs), tobacco-specihc A-nitrosamines (TSNAs), and nonvolatile A-nitrosamines. The latter include A-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA) and A-nitrosoproline (NPRO). Recently, several A-nitrosamino acids were identified in tobacco. The major NNAs identihed in tobacco and/or tobacco smoke are listed in Table XV-1. 

Brunnemann, K.D., J.D. Adams, and D. Hoffmann Nonvolatile V-nitrosamines Analysis in tobacco and tobacco smoke by HPLC-TEA 31st Tobacco Chemists Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 31, Paper No. 52, 1977, p. 27. 

Hoffmaim, D., S.S. Hecht, and R.M. Omaf Nonvolatile A-nitrosamines in tobacco and tobacco smoke CORESTA... 

Hoffmann, D., G. Rathkamp, and Y. Liu Chemical studies on tobacco smoke. XXVI. On the isolation of volatile and nonvolatile A-nitrosamines and hydrazines in cigarette smoke in A-Nitrosamines in the environment, edited by P. Bogovski and E.A. Walker, lARC, Lyon, Prance, lARC Sci. Publ. No. 9 (1974) 159-165. Hoffmann, D.,G. Rathkamp, and S. Nesnow Quantitative determination of 9-methylcarbazoles in cigarette smoke Anal. Chem. 41 (1969) 1256-1259. 

Among the vast group of compounds included under the term of NOC some are of special interest. That is the case of the simplest N-nitroso compound, N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), or the so-called tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), which are among the most abundant carcinogens identified in tobacco and its smoke. Seven TSNAs have been identified both in tobacco filler and tobacco smoke. They are nonvolatile and formed by nitrosation of nicotine and related tobacco alkaloid precursors with... 

N-Nitrosamines are formed during processing and smoking of tobacco products. Proteins, agricultural chemicals and alkaloids in tobacco products serve as major precursors for volatile, nonvolatile, and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (Figure 1). In this review we will summarize the progress achieved in respect to tobacco nitrosamines since the last ACS symposium in Boston in June of 1978 (J ). Additional papers will review the metabolism of cyclic N-nitrosamines, including that of N -nitrosonornicotine 1) and the correlation between tobacco and alcohol consumption and cancer of the upper alimentary tract (J ). 

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