Tobacco settlement

This work was supported by New Mexico Tobacco Settlement funds. The author thanks Prof. Hugo Kubinyi (Heidelberg, Germany) and Dr. Marius Olah (UNM) for suggestions. 

This study was partially supported (I.V.T.) by the Go-Bio BMBF grant 0313883 (AZ-31P4556), by the New Mexico Tobacco Settlement Fund (T.I.O.) and by data from Sunset Molecular Discovery EEC. This chapter is dedicated to Corwin Hansch, founder of the QSAR field, on his 90th birthday. 

Acknowledgements Support from the National Institutes of Health (DK075936 to L.P.J. and DK079008 to J.A.H.), from the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, from the Arkansas Children s Hospital Research Institute, and from the Arkansas Biosciences Institute, the major research component of the Arkansas Tobacco Settlement Proceeds Act of 2000 is gratefully acknowledged. 

Even before the Synar Amendment, states and communities were enacting laws and policies restricting smoking. However, the other major event that drove the prevention effort was the Master Tobacco Settlement Agreement of 1998. This agreement, negotiated by the attorney generals of nearly every state (not the... 

The tobacco prevention movement has also included the mobilization of community groups in the effort. The American Legacy Web site has hnks to organizations in 32 states. Some (but not enough) states have used tobacco settlement money to fund prevention efforts. For example, in my home state (Nevada), there is a grant competition each year for tobacco prevention and treatment proposals from community-based organizations. 

J. J. Wilson, 1999. Summary of the Attorneys General Master Tobacco Settlement Agreement, National Conference of State Legislators. http //academic.udayton. edu/health/syllabi/tobacco/summary.htm. 

This apparent contradiction is best explained by the ensemble behavior of dense mainstream smoke, described by Fuchs (1964). When undiluted mainstream tobacco smoke is passed horizontally into a chamber, the dense smoke column settles as an ensemble, with a gravitational settlement rate equivalent to that for individual particles of 47 /mi diameter. Such behavior can explain the remarkable retention of undiluted smoke (Hinds et al., 1983) as well as the highly nonuniform pattern of deposition for inhaled smoke tars observed by Ermala and Holsti (1955). The heaviest tar deposits occur where the dense smoke column strikes directly on projecting surfaces of the pharynx and the larynx, and at the tracheal and bronchial bifurcations (Er-... 

The precedent for the effort is the successful legal campaign against the tobacco industry that began in 1994. The result was a 250 billion settlement to be shared by 46 states. Gun control advocates and litigators point to similarities between the tobacco and gun industries. They argue that both... 

The first British settlement in North America was established in 1607 and named Jamestown, after King James i. The little tobacco-growing colony was located on the East Coast, in the region that would eventually become the state of Virginia. One of the constant debates among the Jamestown settlers was whether they should expand the colony. Tobacco growing was a very profitable enterprise, especially since labor was so cheap — the Jamestown settlers had brought the first African slaves to North America. But the settlement was surrounded by unfriendly Indians who would, of course, resist the expansion. 

In June 1988 the tobacco industry lost its first court case involving liability in the death of a smoker after heavy, chronic cigarette use. Although the decision was subsequently reversed in 1990, it represents a significant application of tort law. The question of addiction liability was the core of a landmark class action case against the tobacco industry in federal court in New Orleans (Castano v. The American Tobacco Co.). (This case was settled as part of the general settlement see later discussion). 

The Master Settlement Agreement between the tobacco industry and 46 states was signed in which year ... 

The Master Settlement Agreement between the tobacco industry and 46 states lasts until 2024 and includes a total payment of which of the following a 200 million b 500 million c 200 billion d 500 billion e 1 trillion. 

D. M., C elebucki, C. C., C onnolly, G. N. (2002). Cigarette advertising in magazines The tobacco industry response to the master settlement agreement and to public prc.ssure. Tobacco Control, II, ii54-ii58. 

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