TNT, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluen

Included are four samples of NC of different degrees of nitration and one sample each of the high expls TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) and HMX (1,3,5,7-tetranitro-l, 3,5,7-tetrazacyclooctane). 

These are common abbreviations for the following TNT 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene AN ammonium nitrate PETN pentaerythritol tetranitrate HMX octahydro-l,3,5,7,-tetranitro-l,3,4,5-tetrazocine RDX hexahydro-l,3,5-trinitro-s-triazine HMTD hexamethylene triperoxide diamine TATP triacetone triperoxide. 

TNT 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene, Trinitrotoluene No No Secondary high explosive. Main charge in many military munitions... 

TNT was first prepared in 1863 by Wilbrand and its isomers discovered in 1870 by Beilstein and Kuhlberg. Pure TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene isomer) was prepared by Hepp in 1880 and its structure determined by Claus and Becker in 1883. The development of TNT throughout the 19th and 20th centuries is summarized in Table 2.11. 

Table 2.11 Summary of the development of TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) throughout the 19th and 20th centuries...

Abbreviations DNA, deoxyribose nucleic acid ECD, electrochemical detection LIF, laser induced fluorescence LOD, limit of detection PDMS, poly(dimethylsiloxane) PSA, prostate specific antigen TOF-MS, time-of-flight mass spectrometer TNT, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. 

After patterning antibodies as an array using the PDMS microchannel, TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) was detected using the heterogeneous immunoassay format... 

Ammonium nitrate will explode if the reaction is initiated by another primary explosive. Mixtures of NH4NO3 and TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) are known as AMATOL, a military explosive. Most ammonium salts can be decomposed by heating, but many solid compounds that contain the ammonium cation and an anion that is the conjugate of a weak acid decompose quite readily with only mild heating. Some examples are illustrated in the following equations ... 

DNB — Dinitrobenzene DNCB — Dinitrochlorobenzene DNCr — Dinitrocresole DNPh — Dinitro phenol DNT — 2,4,-Dinitrotoluene ErN — Erythritol Tetranitrate HNDPhA — Hexanitro-diphenylamine MHeN — Mannitol Hexanitrate MNPh — Mononitrophenol MNT — Mononitrotoluene PA — Picric Acid PETN — Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate TNAn — Trinitroaniline TNAns — Tri-nitroanisole TNB — Trinitrobenzene TNCr — Trinitrocresole TNPh — Trinitrophenol TNT — 2,4,6- Trinitrotoluene TNX — Trinitro m xylene... 

In an ironic aside, it is noted that the most recently suggested new use for phosgene is to "make safe" thousands of tons of TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) from redundant weapons, no longer required now that the Cold War has ended. Treatment of the TNT with ammonium sulfide would reduce it to 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene, which could then be treated with phosgene to give 2,4-diisocyanato-6-nitrotoluene (NDTI), a potentially valuable precursor for polyurethane manufacture [64d]. Thus, instead of potentially hazardous, and certainly wasteful, destruction of the TNT, the use of phosgene could convert it into a valuable industrial commodity. 

---