TMRE

Solubility Soluble in ethanol, methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide 

Merck Index Number Not listed Chemical/Dye Class Xanthene Molecular Formula C26H27CIN2O7 Molecular Weight 514.95 Physical Form Dark green crystals 

Staining Applications Mitochondria cells Biological Applications Detecting mitochondrial membrane potential apoptosis assays multi-drug resistance assays  

Industrial Applications Semi-conducting polymer nanoparticles  

Ehrenberg, B. Montana, V. Wei, M. D. Wuskell, J. R Loew, L. M. Membrane potential can be determined in individual cells from the Nemstian distribution of cationic dyes. Biophys. J. 1988, 53, 785-794. 

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Dye oxidation (e.g., tetrazolium reductase activity with 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, MTT 2-[4-iodophenyl]-3-[4-nitrophenyl]-5-[2,4-disulfophenyl]-2H tetrazolium monosodium salt, WST-1 3- (4,5 -carboxymethoxyphenyl) -2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2 H-tetra-zolium, MTS 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide inner salt, XTT 2,2 -di-p-nitrophenyl-5,5 -diphenyl-3,3 -(3,3 -dimethoxy-4,4 -diphe-nylenej-ditetrazolium chloride, NET), Alamar blue assays, ATP concentration (e.g., luciferase assay), oxygen consumption (e.g., oxygen electrodes, phosphorescent oxygen-sensitive dyes), mitochondrial protein and nucleic acid synthesis mitochondrial mass (e.g., mitotracker dyes) mitochondrial membrane potential (e.g., tetramethylrho-damine methyl ester, TMRM tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester, TMRE)... 

Our laboratory (44) has synthesized two rhodamine dyes, TMRE (Chart III) and TMRM, that are very similar to rhodamine 123 except the free amino groups are substituted with methyl substituents. This substitution makes the dyes more permeable than rhodamine 123 and also blocks any poorly reversible hydrogen-bonding interactions with anionic sites in the mitochondrial inner membrane and matrix. These qualities combined with... 

The slow dyes that change their spectral characteristics as a result of potential-dependent accumulation are well suited for cells in suspension. However, the complexity of these mechanisms makes it very difficult to interpret the change in dye fluorescence within a single cell. Accordingly, we set out to find dyes that display a rapid, reversible, potential-dependent intracellular accumulation with no accompanying spectral perturbation (44). As previously discussed, the dyes TMRE (Chart III) and TMRM emerged from this investigation and have proven useful in a wide variety of cultured cells. 

A4.9.2 Other Out Jde Profectiem Produds m. iliis group include handles, ehii, which would bindd the shaa t with wii ctf the preset from the mold cavity. In some eases side tmres he used mihar than sjdit mvities. When... 

Characteristics nickel alloys are dramatically affected by tem-peratm-e changes (see figure on left). Cooling (or heating) produces peaks, which correspond to the transformation temperatures. At higher tempera-tmres, a very sharp increase is observed during... 

Bernas, T. Dobrucki, J. Mitochondrial and nonmitochondrial reduction of MTT interaction of MTT with TMRE, JC-1, and NAO mitochondrial fluorescent probes. Cytometry 2002, 47, 236-242. 

Other Names Xanthylium, 3,6-bis(dimethylamino)-9-[2-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-, perchlorate T 669 Tetramethyirhodamine ethyl ester perchlorate TMRE... 

Tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester perchlorate (TMRE) Tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester perchlorate (TMRM) Vita Blue... 

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