Tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester

Fig. 1 Examples of the structures of a few slow-response electric field sensitive dyes 3, 3 -dipropylthiadicarbocyanine (DiSC3(5)), tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM), and bis-(3-propyl-5-oxoisooxazol-4-yl)pentamine oxonol (oxonol VI)...

Mitochondrial toxicity may also lead to a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential which can be measured by various dyes, such as Tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM), Rhodaminel23, JC-1 (Molecular Probes), and mitochondrial membrane potential indicator (m-MPI, Codex). These dyes specifically accumulate in the matrix of the mitochondria according to the Nernst equation, with an inverse proportion to the A Pmembrane [9]. Thus, upon loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, the fluorescence intensity will decrease, as shown for TMRM in Fig. 2e, f. Notably, TMRM, is not a ratio-metric dye, which means that additional controls for mitochondrial number/ mass may be required, as in contrast to the ratio-metric dyes JC-1 and m-MPI. 

Other Names T 668 TMRM Tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester perchlorate... 

Dye oxidation (e.g., tetrazolium reductase activity with 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, MTT 2-[4-iodophenyl]-3-[4-nitrophenyl]-5-[2,4-disulfophenyl]-2H tetrazolium monosodium salt, WST-1 3- (4,5 -carboxymethoxyphenyl) -2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2 H-tetra-zolium, MTS 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide inner salt, XTT 2,2 -di-p-nitrophenyl-5,5 -diphenyl-3,3 -(3,3 -dimethoxy-4,4 -diphe-nylenej-ditetrazolium chloride, NET), Alamar blue assays, ATP concentration (e.g., luciferase assay), oxygen consumption (e.g., oxygen electrodes, phosphorescent oxygen-sensitive dyes), mitochondrial protein and nucleic acid synthesis mitochondrial mass (e.g., mitotracker dyes) mitochondrial membrane potential (e.g., tetramethylrho-damine methyl ester, TMRM tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester, TMRE)... 

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