Titanium international standards

Standard materials for the compressor are cast iron for the cylinder and carbon steel for the shaft. The rotor parts are steel. The liquid pistf f compressor has another feature that compensates for low efficiency, using special materials of construction and compatible liquid compr sant, unusual or difficult gases may be compressed. By using titanium internal materials and water as a compressant, gases containing wet chlorine can be compressed. This is a very difficult application for most o( the other compressor types. 

Significant advances have also been made by forging titanium alloy (T1-6A1-4V) and cobalt chromium alloys cold working multiphase cobalt based alloys and by hot isostatically pressing cobalt chromium alloy powders. The property values claimed by the manufacturers are far in excess of the minimum values specified in the British, American and International Standards... 

Tin plate, thickness of tin coating on, determination by x-ray spectrography, 148, 149, 157, 158 Tissues, determination of dry weight by absorptiometry, 297-300 Tissue sections, biological, determination of mineral elements in, 301-305 Titanium, as internal standard in vanadium determination, 188 determination by x-ray emission spectrography, 222, 329 trace analysis by x-ray emission spectrography, 163, 225-229 Topaz, as analyzing crystal, 116-118, 220, 318-327 Total reflection, 112, 117... 

X-ray fluorescence has been found to be useful in the quantitation of titanium oxides, with internal standards also being used [35]. The methods all make use of the Ti Ka emission at 2.750 A, and differ in their choice of internal standards. 

Another approach to internal standardization involves independent determination of the concentrations of an appropriate analyte, for example, by electron microprobe or XRF. In the case of the sediment-sample pressed wafers discussed above, for instance, calcium, titanium, iron, strontium, and other major and minor elements with moderate abundance in sediments can be determined easily by XRF, and then used as internal standards, providing the reference standards that also have those elements. 

International Standard, ISO 8080 (1985). Specification for Anodic Coating of Titanium and Titanium Alloys by the Sulphuric Acid Process. 

Standard solution (containing tin or titanium for barium and calcium, zirconium for phosphorus, and nickel for zinc) is poured into an X-ray cell. Total net counts (peak intensity— background) for each element and its respective internal standard are collected at their appropriate wavelengths. The ratios between elemental and internal standard counts are calculated and converted into barium, calcium, phosphorus, or zinc concentrations, or a combination thereof, from calibration curves. 

Titanium 2-Ethylhexoide or Tin Octoate, preferably containing 8.0 0.1 mass % titanium or tin. If the titanium or tin concentration is higher or lower (minimum concentration that can be used is 4.0 0.1 mass % titanium or tin), the laboratory needs to adjust the amount of sample taken in 8.1.1 to yield an equivalent titanium or tin concentration level in the internal standard. Other titanium or tin containing organic matrices (free of other metals, sulfur, and phosphorus) may be substituted, provided the titanium or tin is stable in solution, the concentration is known (>4.0 0.1 mass % titanium or tin), and the laboratory can adjust the amount of sample taken in 8.1.1 to yield an equivalent titanium or tin concentration level in the internal standard if the titanium or tin concentration does not initially contain 8.0 0.1 mass % titanium or tin. 

Dispense 240 0.5 g of nickel octoate (5.0 0.1 mass % nickel), 30 0.1 g of titanium 2-ethylhexoide (8.0 0.1 mass % titanium) or 30 0.1 g of tin octoate (8.0 0.1 mass % tin), and 450 1 g of diluent solvent into a 1-L bottle. Shake or stir the bottle for a minimum of 10 min. If the laboratory uses internal materials that have different elemental concentrations than those explicitly stated in 7.4.1 and 7.4.2, it will be necessary for the laboratory to adjust the amount of sample taken in order to obtain an equivalent elemental concentration in the internal standard blend that is prepared according to the following equations ... 

A number of thermal stability tests arc available, some of which have developed into national (DIN) or international industrial standards (ISO). Pigments in thermoplastic systems, for instance, are studied under heat extrusion conditions [110]. The colorant to be tested, possibly together with titanium dioxide, is dispersed in the thermoplastic, using a mixer and a granulating extruder (Sec. 1.8.3). The pigmented test pellets are then fed into a screw extruder which ejects a standardized test specimen with defined dimensions [111]. Starting at the lowest possible temperature level, the extrusion temperature is increased by intervals of 10 or 20°C between samples. 

Lined carbon steel is the standard material of construction for primary pressure filter vessels. Typical linings are hard rubber, 3 or 6 mm thick, and glass-filled epoxy resins. Metallic internals tend to be Monel or titanium. Piping is FRP or a thermoplastic such as PVC wrapped with FRP for reinforcement. Internal piping, if not metal, may be of CPVC, properly supported. In larger sizes, support plates usually are of rubber-coated steel. 

Smithells, C. J., E. A. Brandes, and G. B. Brook, eds. 1998. Smithells Light Metals Handbook. Oxford, U.K./Boston Butterworth-Heinemann. Drawing on the data within Smithells Metals Reference Book, the editors have created a new book dedicated to aluminum, magnesium, and titanium, the most commonly used light metals. An extensive section on binary phase diagrams is included, as well as standards and international materials specifications. 

The catalysts studied, consisting of a titanium chloride-active species on a magnesium-containing support and including DBF as Internal modifier, were prepared by employing standard procedures previously described. ... 

All these data suggest that EB is present in the environment of the active titanium and its presence makes the isotactic sites able to produce more stereoregular polypropene, characterized by higher Mw and lower Rw/Rn value. Indeed only this assumption accounts for i) the fact that only in mild polymerization conditions (that is only when the base is maintained on the catalyst surface) the octane insoluble fraction is present ii) the fact that in the octane insoluble fraction so obtained, the e/t ratio is higher than in the octane soluble one. As to the catalyst containing DEHP as an internal base (run 5), the fact that a noticeable octane Insoluble fraction is already present at standard polymerization conditions can be in principle accounted for by two hypotheses 1) the dlesters can be less easily removed from the catalyst by AlEta, . ii) the removal of DEHP leaves active sites characterized by higher Isospecificity and/or higher stability with respect to the catalyst without any base. The fact that a small octane insoluble fraction is present even in the... 

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