Tissue Xenograft

Fig. 1 Mechanisms of xenograft vascularization. Organ xenografts receive recipient blood exclusively through the donor blood vessels (top). Free tissue xenografts (e.g. pancreatic islets and skin) are vascularized partly by the ingrowth of recipient blood vessels and partly by spontaneous anastomosis of donor and recipient capillaries (middle). Cellular xenografts (e.g. hepatocytes and bone marrow cells) are vascularized by the ingrowth of recipient blood vessels (bottom).

Fig. 2.4 Therapeutic effect of dEpoB and padi-taxel (Taxol ) in nude mice bearing MCF-7/Adr xenografts following Q2D x 5, i.v. treatment. Adriamycin (DX)-resistant human mammary adenocarcinoma (MCF-7/Adr) tissue 50 mg was implanted subcutaneously into nude mice on day 0. Six-hour i.v. infusions for control, dEpoB and paditaxel and i.v. injection for VBL, DX, and VP-16 were given on days 8,10,12,14 and 16. o, control with vehicle only to, VBL,...

Safarpour H, Connolly P, Tong X, Bielawski M, Wilcox E. (2009) Overcoming extractability hurdles of a 14C labeled taxane analogue milataxel and its metabolite from xenograft mouse tumor and brain tissues. J Pharm BiomedAnal 49 774-779. 

In a human tumor xenograft model, Kong et al.21 compared the antitumor effect of doxorubicin encapsulated in three types of liposome formulations, a nonthermosensitive liposome (NTSL), a traditional thermosensitive liposome (TTSL), and a low-temperature-sensitive liposome (LTSL). All three liposomes are sterically stabilized with PEG grafted on their surface. All the liposomes have a long circulation time and can accumulate selectively in tumor tissue. However, the lipid compositions of the three formulations are different. The NTSL was composed of saturated long-chain lipids such as hydrogenated soybean... 

In summary, for monitoring the phosphorylation state of a tissue, highly sensitive detection provides an effective alternative to conventional detection, especially for archival material in which the fixation process is not controlled sufficiently compared with experimental material such as xenografts. The selection and validation of the phosphorylation-specific antibody used are also key processes for obtaining reliable histological information. 

Figure 5. Immunohistochemical staining of phosphorylated EGFR in A431 epidermoid cell lines. Tissues from A431 xenograft bearing SCID mouse (A) and 3D-cultured A431 cells in collagen gel (B) were formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, and used for method validation.

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