Tissue therapy

It can be deduced from Table 39.1 that most biopharmaceuticals approved to date are monoclonal antibodies and the most common indication is oncology. However, barring oncology, the biopharmaceuticals span an impressive range of indications. In addition to monoclonal antibodies, other prevalent types of biopharmaceuticals are fusion or conjugate proteins, growth factors, replacement enzymes, and peptides. Cellular and tissue therapies are rarer but becoming more prevalent. 

Zimmermann U, Mimietz S, Zimmermann H, et al. Hydrogel-based non-autologous cell and tissue therapy. Biotechniques 2000 Sep 29(3) 564-572, 574, and 576. 

Tlie isolation of pluripotent ES cells opens the way to generate many different tissues and organs for gene and tissue therapies. 

Subsequent data (Jaklenec et al., 2012) show that aU key industry parameters continue to increase, indicating that the TE industry is on a path pointing toward continued success and that stem ceU—based products and combination products (cells + biomaterials) are going to enter the market, demonstrating that the promise of engineered tissue therapies has been realized. 

Although the fluids most often considered in biofluid mechanics studies are blood and air, other fluids such as urine, perspiration, tears, ocular aqueous and vitreous fluids, and the synovial fluid in the joints can also be important in evaluating tissue system behavioral responses to induced chemical and physical stresses. For purposes of analysis, these fluids are often assumed to exhibit Newtonian behavior, although the synovial fluid and blood under certain conditions can be non-Newtonian. Since blood is a suspension it has interesting properties it behaves as a Newtonian fluid for large shear rates, but is highly non-Newtonian for low shear rates. The synovial fluid exhibits viscoelastic characteristics that are particularly suited to its function of j oint lubrication, for which elasticity is beneficial. These viscoelastic characteristics must be accounted for when considering tissue therapy for joint injuries. 

Illustrative Example Control of Hormone Diseases via Tissue Therapy... 

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