Tissue strength

The ability of collagen molecules to assemble into crosslinked fibrils is an important requirement for the development of tissue strength. Although... 

Cross-linking contributes to tissue strength and limits the need for fiber replacement, but it also inhibits repair following a mechanical injury or infection (Sect. 8.1.3.). Lysyl oxidase catalysis is self-limiting to avoid excessive cross-linking. The oxidation rate of lysine amine residues is limited to approximately 100 catalytic turnovers per enzyme molecule because ammonia and other reaction by-products inactivate it irreversibly. 

Collagen is a family of proteins in animals these proteins play critical roles in tissue architecture, tissue strength, and cell to cell relationships. The major component of all connective tissue matrixes, collagen is found in tissues such as skin, blood vessels, bone, tendon, and ligament, and is characterized by tremendous strength. 

Tissue failure studies are based on cadaver tissue strength. Generally, the research has focused on the ultimate compressive strength of the lumbar spine. Studies and literature reviews by Brinck-mann et al. (1989) and lager and Luttmann (1991) indicate that the ultimate compressive strength of... 

Niebur, G. L., Feldstein, M. J., Yuen, J. C., Chen, T. J., and Keaveny, T. M. (2000), High-resolution finite element models with tissue strength asymmetry accurately predict failure of trabecular bone, J. Biomech. 33 1575-1583. 

When an aneurysm ruptures, the patient s blood escapes the vessel under arterial pressure, which results in rapid blood loss. The prognosis for a patient with a ruptured AAA is low. The initial mortahty rate for patients whose ruptures occur outside a hospital setting is approximately 50%, and the survival rate decreases by about 1% per minute when there are additional delays (O Connor, 2011). Ruptures are beheved to occur when the wall tissue strength is exceeded by the mechanical stress acting on the aneurysm wall. This tension can be calculated using the Laplace Law for wall tension ... 

Figure 4. Effect of pressurization on (a) tissue strength, and (b) elasticity of bluefish meat.

Figure 6. Comparison of textural properties (a => tissue strength b => elasticity) of pressure-induced versus heat-induced gels formulated from bluefish meat paste with added a2-macroglobulin.

In addition to its role as the primary determinant of tissue strength, a trait that is of significant interest in agriculture, cellulose constitutes the most abundant renewable energy resource on Earth. More than 200 million metric tons of stover is produced just from maize in the USA every year. About one-third of this could potentially be utilized for ethanol production (Kadam and McMillan 2003). The worldwide production of lignocellulosic wastes from cereal stover and straw is estimated to be 3 billion tons per year (Kuhad... 

Structural support Spiders produce siik fibers, which are proteins, to make webs. Coiiagen and eiastin give connective tissues strength and flexibility. Keratin is found in hair, feathers, horns, hooves, and nails. 

Blank, R.D. et al (2003) Spectroscopically determined collagen Pyr/deH-DHLNL cross-link ratio and crystallinity indices differ markedly in recombinant congenic mice with divergent calculated bone tissue strength. Connect Tissue Res., 44 (3-4), 134-142. 

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