Tissue oxygenation improvement

Alessandri, B., Rice, A. C., Levasseur, J., DeFord, M., Hamm, R. J., and Bullock, M. R., 2002, Cyclosporin A improves brain tissue oxygen consumption and learning/memory performance after lateral fluid percussion injury in rats, J. Neurotrauma 19, pp. 829-841... 

Kushi et al. (2006a) Sepsis Improved tissue oxygenation... 

Kushi, H., Miki, T., Nakahara, J., Okamoto, K., Kawahara, Y., Saito, T., Tanjoh, K. Hemoperfusion with an immobilized polymyxin B fiber column improves tissue oxygen metabolism. Ther Apher Dial 10 (2006a) 430-435. 

Fitzgerald, R.D. Martin, C.M. Dietz, G.E. Doig, G.S. Potter, R.F. Sibbald, W.J. Transfusing red blood cells stored in citrate phosphate dextrose adenine-1 for 28 days fails to improve tissue oxygenation in rats. Crit. Care Med. 1997, 25, 726-732. 

Padnick, L. Linsenmeier, R. Goldstick, T. McRipley, M. Ahmed, J. Perflubron emulsion infusion improves tissue oxygenation in the cat brain under hyperoxic conditions. Artif Cells Blood Subst. Immob. Biotech. 1996, 24, 398. 

In a comprehensive comparison of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dextran and etherified starch (8), the effects of etherified starch on the cardiovascnlar system have been delineated. The mean arterial pressnre, central venous pressure, wedge pressure, cardiac index, left ventricular stroke work index, and stroke output aU rise, whereas the pulmonary vascular resistance falls. Oxygen availability to the tissues is improved. The effects of etherified starch on blood viscosity and erythrocjde aggregation, in particular, are more pronounced than with dextran. 

There is no known laboratory test available that can confirm diphosgene exposure. However, evaluation of oxygen saturation and arterial blood gas is recommended for initial treatment for all patients. When inhaled, the patient should be removed to fresh air area immediately. Oxygen supplement can improve tissue oxygenation and reduce the damage due to hypoxemia in patients. Artificial respiration devices with or without positive pressure should be used if necessary. 

Pentoxifylline, a dimethylxanthine derivative, and its metabolites improve blood flow by decreasing blood viscosity. It produces dose-related hemorrheologic effects, lowering blood viscosity and improving erythrocyte flexibility. In patients with chronic peripheral arterial disease, this increases blood flow to the affected microcirculation and enhances tissue oxygenation. 

Menzel M, Doppenberg EM, Zauner A, Soukup J, Reinert MM, Bullock R. Increased inspired oxygen concentration as a factor in improved brain tissue oxygenation and tissue lactate levels after severe human head injury. J Neurosurg. 1999 91 1-10... 

Improve gas exchange and oxygenation—increases tissue oxygenation in the face of heart failure and decreases perfusion by supplying more oxygen-iich blood... 

Work with these types of electrodes enables to achieve steady-state current conditions within a short time-period. Primarily proposed for monitoring and control of blood and tissue oxygen tension [10], the electrode systems with selective membranes were manufactured and used in continuous oxygen measurement in a wide variety of aqueous solutions [11]. The sensors of this type, called Clark electrodes, are described in chapter 6 of this volume. Improvements designed for continuous monitoring in industrial bioreactors may be found in section 6 of chapter 3. The most important feature of the membranes used in these sensors is their selectivity which prevents poisoning the electrode system and deteriorating the adherent electrolyte solution. 

J.-F. Georger, O. Hamzaoui, A. Chaari, J. Maizel, C. Richard, and J.-L. Teboul, Restoring Arterial Pressiue with Norepinephrine Improves Muscle Tissue Oxygenation Assessed by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Severely Hypotensive Septic Patients, Intensive Care Med., 36,1882 (2010). 

The increased phosphate peak is a very sensitive indicator of tissue hypoxia, and as such it may he used to assess the extent of peripheral vascular diseases of muscles (Chance et al., 1980). In this disease, insufficient hlood flow, and therefore insuflicient tissue oxygenation, causes muscle damage that may eventually lead to amputation of the affected limb. This type of P-NMR diagnosis was further improved by determining the relationship between work output in the exercising human limb and the steady-state capability of oxidative phosphorylation as measured by the PCr/Pj ratio (Chance et al., 1981). A decrease in the slope of plots is indicative for the peripheral vascular flow decrease, causing diminished oxygen delivery and oxidative phosphorylation. 

Among the examples of monoindole bases being discussed, vincamine (109) is the principal alkaloid of Vinca minorC. and has received some notoriety because it apparently causes some improvement in the abiUties of sufferers of cerebral arteriosclerosis (78). It is beheved that this is the result of increasing cerebral blood flow with the accompanying increase in oxygenation of tissue as a result of its action as a vasodilator. 

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