Time-of-flight techniques for

The diffusion coefficients of the ions can be determined through time-of-flight techniques. For a liquid crystalline material between two ITO coated plates with an initial voltage V, a sudden increase in the voltage to Vi allows the ionic mean transit time t j and the ion mobility to be determined by the relations [69] ... 

Since IDSRS involves the detection of ions, it can be readily implemented with mass-selective detection of those ions (Henson et al., 1989 Hartland et al., 1990 Henson et al., 1991). In fact, ion-mass analysis (by time-of-flight techniques, for example) greatly enhances the capabilities of the IDSRS technique. 

Chen, B., Lee, C.-S., Lee, S.-T.,Webb, E, Chan,Y.-C., Gambling, W.,Tian, H., Zhu,W., 2000. Improved time-of-flight technique for measuring carrier mobUity in thui films of organic electroluminescent materials. Jpn. I. Appl Phys. 39,1190-1192. 

Lee, Y.J. Hoaglund-Hyzera, C.S. Srebalus Bames, C.A. Hilderbrand, A.E. Valentine, S.J. Clemmer, D.E. Development of high-throughput liquid chromatography injected ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight techniques for analysis of complex peptide mixtures. J. Chromatogr. B 2002, 782, 343-351. 

The experiment discusses the time-of-flight technique for the selection of neutrons of definite energy ranges from a neutron spectrum. The Fermi slow neutron chopper is described and is used to measure the reactor beam spectrum, as well as the total neutron cross section of several materials as a function of velocity. 

The Fermi slow-neutron chopper with its electronics, which is used in this experiment, utilizes the time-of-flight technique for selection of neutrons of small energy ranges out of a beam of neutrons of all energies. The rotating shutter of the chopper, shown in cross section in Fig. 30.11. 

Part IV covers the relevance of new combination (i.e., hyphenation) techniques such as CE-ESI- (electrospray ionization) MS (mass spectrometry) and CE-ESI-TOF- (time of flight) MS for ACE. 

The fast desorption of CO in CO/Cu(OOf) has been measured [33] and also calculated. [30,31] The collision induced vibrational excitation and following relaxation of CO on Cu(001) has also been experimentally explored using time-of-flight techniques, and has been analyzed in experiments [34] and theory. [23,32] Our previous treatment of instantaneous electronic de-excitation of CO/Cu(001) after photoexcitation is extended here to include delayed vibrational relaxation of CO/Cu(001) in its ground electronic state. We show results for the density matrix, from calculations with the described numerical procedure for the integrodifferential equations. 

Anthracene is the smallest linearly-fused aromatic species considered to exhibit true acene character (Fig. 14.2) and has been the smallest acene typically studied for electronic materials applications [12]. Single-crystal anthracene does exhibit relatively high intrinsic hole mobility, with values as high as 3 cm2 XT1 s 1 measured by the time-of-flight technique and as high as 0.02 cm2 V-1 s 1 measured from a FET constructed on a single crystal [13], Films of functionalized anthracene derivatives have also yielded FETs with reasonable hole mobilities (see... 

There is one obvious difficulty in determining intramolecular kinetic isotope effects with the present PIPECO techniques for metastable ions (Sect. 3.2.1), which is that peaks for product ions from isotopically labelled molecules will overlap. Indeed, peaks for ions separated by only one mass unit will typically be largely superimposed. The time-of-flight technique is, in effect, measuring velocity and what is required is measurement of mass and translational energy in separate analysers. The problem... 

Fig. 7.10 shows the drift mobility obtained by this technique for two different phosphorus doping levels and compared with time-of-flight data for undoped material. The different data points on each curve correspond to the different equilibrium and frozen states of the sample. The facts that these give the same mobility and that there is no change at the equilibrium temperature confirm that the equilibration effects are due only to the changes in the electron density and not in the transport path. A similar conclusion is obtained from the SAW experiments and the decrease of the drift mobility with doping in Fig. 7.10 also agrees with the SAW data. 

Abstract A challenging task in surface science is to unravel the dynamics of molecules on surfaces associated with, for example, surface molecular motion and (bimolecular) reactions. As these processes typically take place on femtosecond time scales, ultrafast lasers must be used in these studies. We demonstrate two complementary approaches to study these ultrafast molecular dynamics at metal surfaces. In the first, the molecules are studied after desorbing from the surface initiated by a laser pulse using the so called time-of-flight technique. In the second approach, molecules are studied in real time during their diffusion over the surface by using surface-specific pump-probe spectroscopy. 

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