Time-division multiple access

A request was made to the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA), which is a standards body, to develop a digital specification based on the UPR. In 1991, the TIA released Interim Standard 54 (IS-54), which uses time division multiple access (TDMA) technology. In 1993 the TIA also approved IS-95, a digital standard based on code division multiple access (CDMA) technology. Debate continues within TIA over a third technology, extended time division multiple access (E-TDMA), which has been promoted by Hughes Network Systems. 

Time division multiple access (TDMA) A multiplexing technique in which individual conversations are converted to a digital format and assigned to a specific time slot in a channel. There are usually two or more time slots per channel. 

The modulation format is a differentially encoded, eight-phase-shift-keyed (D8PSK) scheme. The broadcast uses an eight-time-slot-per-half-second, fixed-frame, time-division-multiple-access (TDMA) structure. The total data rate of the system is 31,500 bits/sec. After the header and cyclic redundancy check (CRC), the effective rate of the broadcast is 1776 bits (222 bytes) of application data per time slot, or a total of 16x1776 BPS equaling 28,416 application data bits/sec. For additional information on LAAS the reader is referred to Brafif (1997) and Skidmore (1999). 

Media Oriented Systems Transport (MOST) is a well-established, automotive-specific technology. With a time division multiple access (TDMA) mechanism, this technology is specialized for multimedia applications. Since 2008, MOST has had an open, licensable specification which allows for second source silicon vendors. The MOST 150 specification released in 2011 adds coaxial as an alternative physical layer to the traditional plastic optical fiber (POF). 

In Europe, digital cellular telephony is more cohesive and advanced. GSM uses both time division multiple access (TDMA) and FDMA to carry digital data (Figures 2, 3a). TDMA allows multiple users to share a channel frequency by time-slotting them in sequence. GSM uses an SHA authentication procedure and a 64-bit symmetrical stream cipher. A US counterpart to GSM, called IS-54, operates at a lower bit rate and narrower channel width. GSM/IS-54 operates at 900 MHz, and other GSM-like cordless standards use... 

ITU 1988 Rec. ITU-R M.1371, Technical Characteristics for a Urtiversal Ship borne AIS TIME DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS in the VHF Marine Mobile Band ... 

Time Division Multiple Access For Vehicular Communications... 

H. A. Omeir, W. Zhuang, Time Division Multiple Access For Vehicular Communications, SpringerBriefs in Computer Science, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-09504-2 l... 

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