Media-oriented system transport

Media Oriented Systems Transport (MOST) is a well-established, automotive-specific technology. With a time division multiple access (TDMA) mechanism, this technology is specialized for multimedia applications. Since 2008, MOST has had an open, licensable specification which allows for second source silicon vendors. The MOST 150 specification released in 2011 adds coaxial as an alternative physical layer to the traditional plastic optical fiber (POF). 

Kinetic measurements on II reconstituted in proteoliposomes are also consistent with the phosphorylation without transport. Il reconstituted by the detergent dialysis method into proteoliposomes assumes a random orientation the cytoplasmic domains face inward for 50% and outward for 50%. Those facing inward catalyze transport of external mannitol to the interior when E-I, HPr and P-enolpyr-uvate are included on the inside. Those facing outward convert external mannitol to external Mtl-P when HPr, E-I and P-enolpyruvate are included in the external medium. Comparison of the rates showed that the rate of external phosphorylation in this system was higher than the rate of transport. If transport and phosphorylation were obligatorily coupled, the rate of phosphorylation would not exceed the rate of transport [70]. 

The rate of the active transport of sodium ion across frog skin depends both on the electrochemical potential difference between the two sides of this complex membrane (or, more exactly, membrane system) and also on the affinity of the chemical reaction occurring in the membrane. This combination of material flux, a vector, and chemical flux (see Eq. 2.3.26), which is scalar in nature, is possible according to the Curie principle only when the medium in which the chemical reaction occurs is not homogeneous but anisotropic (i.e. has an oriented structure in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the membrane or, as is sometimes stated, has a vectorial character). 

We note that earlier research focused on the similarities of defect interaction and their motion in block copolymers and thermotropic nematics or smectics [181, 182], Thermotropic liquid crystals, however, are one-component homogeneous systems and are characterized by a non-conserved orientational order parameter. In contrast, in block copolymers the local concentration difference between two components is essentially conserved. In this respect, the microphase-separated structures in block copolymers are anticipated to have close similarities to lyotropic systems, which are composed of a polar medium (water) and a non-polar medium (surfactant structure). The phases of the lyotropic systems (such as lamella, cylinder, or micellar phases) are determined by the surfactant concentration. Similarly to lyotropic phases, the morphology in block copolymers is ascertained by the volume fraction of the components and their interaction. Therefore, in lyotropic systems and in block copolymers, the dynamics and annihilation of structural defects require a change in the local concentration difference between components as well as a change in the orientational order. Consequently, if single defect transformations could be monitored in real time and space, block copolymers could be considered as suitable model systems for studying transport mechanisms and phase transitions in 2D fluid materials such as membranes [183], lyotropic liquid crystals [184], and microemulsions [185],... 

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