Thymol savory

Aromatic monoterpenes which contain a benzene ring like p-cymene 9, car-vacrol 12, thymol 13 and phenylethyl alcohol 14 (Structure 4.4) are common constituents of many essential oils, e.g. oregano (Origanum sp.), thyme (Thymus sp.), savory (Satureja sp.) and rose (Rosa sp.) oils. Another important constituent class of essential oils is phenypropanoids [36]. They are not considered as terpenoids owing to their different biogenetic origins, which will be mentioned later. 

It is known that the presence in the oil composition of cyclic monoterpene hydrocarbons having two double bonds in the cycle, i.e. a- and y-terpinene, a-terpinolene, sabinene, and also eugenol, thymol and carvacrol [15] is responsible for the antioxidant properties of the essential oils. However the oil composition is not a constant, depends on taxonomic variety of plants [16], time and conditions of oil storage [17], It was shown that the essential oils of sage [18], savory [19], clove and cardamom [20], coriander [21] and maijoran [22] noticeably varied during a storage and the main process was autooxidation. 

Most contain carvacrol and thymol in varying amounts. Dried oregano will contain 0.2 to 0.4% of a yellowish volatile oil with thymol and carvacrol in varying amounts. The phenolic content may be 50 to 65%. Carvacrol is found in the oil of oregano, thyme, marjoram, and summer savory. It is practically insoluble in water. It is used as a disinfectant and in organic synthesis. Therapeutically, it is used as an anti-infective and anthelmintic. 

The sulfonation of p-cymene (l-methyl-4-isopropylbenzene) gives the 2-sulfonic acid. Is this the expected orientation Explain. Use this fact to synthesize carvacrol, 2-methyl-5-isopropylphenol, from p-cymene. Carvacrol is found in the essential oils from thyme, marjoram, and summer savory. It has a pleasant thymol-like odor. 

Occurrence In numerous essential oils cymen-2-ol especially in origanum (oregano) oil (Coridothymus capitatus, Lamiaceae) up to 80%, in savory and thyme oil up to 70% cymen-3-ol especially in essential oil of seeds of Orthodon angustifolium (Lamiaceae) up to 72% cymen-8-ol from the frass of the old house borer beetle Hylotrupes bajulus (Cerambycidae). Use Carvacrol as disinfectant and solvent thymol as stabilizer (0.01%) of halothanes and trichloroethene. Mixtures of thymol with methyl IV-methylanthranilate in appropriate ratios have a typical mandarin odor. lit Tetrahedron Lett. 1975, 3585. Helv. Chim. Acta 46, 1480(1963). 

The leaves, flowers, and stems of Satureja hortensis (summer savory, Lamiaceae), a common plant widely spread in Turkey, are used as tea or as addition to foods on account of the aroma and the flavor. As a medical plant it is known for its antispasmodic, antidiarrheal, antioxidant, sedative, and antimicrobial properties. Also this EO was investigated for its antioxidative properties. The GC-MS analysis showed that besides 9% p-cymene, carvacrol and thymol are the main compounds of about 22 constituents of the oil. They occur at a ratio of approximately 1 1, which is representative for the genus Satureja, namely 29% of thymol and 27% of carvacrol. In a linoleic acid test system the EO showed an inhibition activity of 95%, this is an indicator for a strong antioxidative activity because the control BHT attained an inhibition of 96% (Giilliice et al., 2003). Thymol is one of the main components of the EO from Satureja montana L ssp. montana (savory) and also one of the glycosidically bound volatile aglycones that were found. The EO with 45% thymol shows a very strong antioxidative capacity that was a bit lower than the standards, BHT, and a-tocopherol. The... 

Winter savory S. montana) contains a volatile oil (1.6%) composed mainly of carvacrol, p-cymene, and thymol (total phenols ca. 50%), with lesser amounts of a-and P-pinenes, limonene, cineole, bomeol, and a-terpineol. It also contains triterpenic acids (ursolic and oleanolic acids). Flavonoids include apigenin, apigenin-4-methyl ether, scutellarein-6,7dimethyl ether, and others. ... 

Thymol (26) and carvacrol (27), isolated from herbs such as thyme and savory, are members of the menthane family in which the cyclohexane structure has been oxidized to an aromatic (phenolic) ring. Oils containing these phenolic terpenes have been shown to be particularly effective as antibacterial agents (Kalemba and Kimicka 2003). 

---