Advantage throughput

Throughput advantage (Jacquinot s) higher energy throughput (larger apertures) [87]. 

The classical FTIR advantages are based on (1) geometry (the Jacquinot, or throughput advantage), (2)... 

The charge-coupled device was first used in Raman spectroscopic applications in the late 1980s [45, 46], followed rapidly by the introduction of holographic notch filters [47]. This combination, coupled with the visibility of FT-Raman instruments introduced at around the same time, helped drive the growth of Raman outside the academic lab. Although the throughput advantage of... 

Microfluidics and miniaturization hold great promise in terms of sample throughput advantages [100]. Miniaturization of analytical processes into microchip platforms designed for micro total analytical systems (/i-TASs) is a new and rapidly developing field. For SPE, Yu et al. [123] developed a microfabricated analytical microchip device that uses a porous monolith sorbent with two different surface chemistries. The monolithic porous polymer was prepared by in situ photoinitiated polymerization within the channels of the microfluidic device and used for on-chip SPE. The sorbent was prepared to have both hydrophobic and ionizable surface chemistries. Use of the device for sorption and desorption of various analytes was demonstrated [123]. 

The major design problem with such a reactor involves finding conditions for which the deposition is not only uniform on each wafer, but is uniform from wafer to wafer. Of course, the deposition rate has to remain high to retain the throughput advantage. 

The present equipment, based on Fourier-transform spectroscopy, makes use primarily of the so-called "throughput advantage", i.e., the data corresponding to all wavelengths of light are collected simultaneously from an extended source. These characteristics increase the sensitivity for TL emission spectroscopy and have achieved the aim of making it possible to study TL emission phenomena at low radiation levels, comparable with those received by the mineral or phosphor samples during their actual application. 

Examples of this approach has been reported by Janiszewski [10] and others [53] by utilizing extraction disks in a 96-well format to perform quick, automated solid-phase extractions under very simple wash and elution conditions. In one approach [10], a Tomtec Quadra 96-well workstation was used to perform the semiautomated solid-phase extraction with Empore C extraction disks. The advantage of this piece of equipment is that it allows liquid to be transferred to or from all 96-wells simultaneously, thus giving the greatest throughput advantage. 

It should be noted further that an increase in resolution is easily achieved in this case by increasing the maximum path difference and the scanning time. The power flux is not influenced by an increase of Smax- However, there will be an increase in noise, as we shall see later. An increase in resolution means for a grating instrument a reduction of slit width and hence, a reduction of the power flux, which is proportional to the square of the slit width [see Eq. (5.12)]. It also seems worth mentioning that the Jacquinot or throughput advantage exists not only in the Michelson interferometer but also in other instruments, e.g. a Fabry-Perot interferometer. 

Overall, ambient ionization methods have showed to be a highly promising tool for ADME studies. Although most of the early work to date has been focused on the throughput advantage, the future role of ambient ionization methods in the pharmaceutical industry and particularly for the ADME studies will largely depend on how their unique features can be utilized to solve problems that are not readily solvable with conventional LC-MS/MS methods. 

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