Thrombosis Superficial Veins

Thrombotic complications (deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and superficial vein thrombosis) have been described in a few patients receiving thrombopoietin (2). In none was thrombosis related to the platelet count, since none had more than 1000 x 10 /1 platelets. It could not be determined if the thrombosis was due to thrombopoietin or if an underlying malignancy predisposed these patients to thrombosis (2). 

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of two formulations of diosmin 600 mg/day or 300 mg bd for 28 days in 255 premenopausal women with so-called heavy legs syndrome in the absence of venous thrombosis, varicose veins, or superficial or deep vein reflux, two withdrew because of adverse reactions (headache and gastric pain) and 20 had gastrointestinal complaints [24 ]. 

Venous insufficiency is the most common cause of leg ulcers. Venous insufficiency is often caused by deep thrombosis or weakness of the valve system of the lower leg superficial veins, but the wound may also be caused due to, for example, arterial circulatory disorders, vasculitis or diabetes. The first sign of venous insufficiency is lower leg swelling but also eczema around the ankle, caused by venous stasis, can be an early marker (Mayrovitz and Larsen, 1997). The most important treatment is to counteract the oedema condition, which can be done by keeping the leg in a raised position or by applying a compression bandage to the leg (Reichenberg and Davis, 2005 Rajendran et al., 2007). 

Thrombophlebitis of the deep dorsal vein, also known as penile Mondor s phlebitis, is an inflammatory reaction of the involved vessel associated with thrombus formation. Other causes of thrombosis of the deep superficial vein have been illustrated elsewhere. 

In hormone replacement therapy, the risk of deep vein thrombosis is increased by a factor of 2-4 (35-37). The absolute increase in the treated population as a whole is low, with about one case of venous thromboembolism in 5000 women-years of use of hormone replacement therapy. However, in the subgroup with pre-existing risk factors, such as obesity, varicose veins, smoking, and a prior history of venous thromboembolism or superficial thrombophlebitis, the increase in risk from hormone replacement therapy can be substantial among these women are those with a genetic predisposition to thrombosis, generally due to some form of thrombophilia, such as deficiency of the coagulation inhibitors protein S, protein C, or anti thrombin III. In any of these subjects thrombosis can occur early in hormone replacement therapy. However, this tendency to early occurrence of deep vein thrombosis also seems to be present in all those who take hormone replacement therapy. 

Thrombosis of superficial and deep cerebral veins as well as the venous sinuses is referred to as cerebral venous thrombosis, Advances in imaging techniques are making it possible to diagnose these conditions more frequently. The clinical features of cerebral vein thrombosis include headache,... 

About 1% of all acute strokes or stroke-hke events are caused by cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). Thromboses can be located in the intracranial dural sinuses, in the superficial cerebral veins or in the deep cerebral veins. 

Kulkarni SR, Messenger DE, Slim FJA, Emerson LG, Bulbulia RA, Whyman MR, et al. The incidence and characterization of deep vein thrombosis following ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy in 1.000 legs with superficial venous reflex. J Vase Surg Ven lymph Disord 2013 l(3) 231-8. 

Clinical and US Anatomy 745 Anterolateral Leg 745 Posteromedial Leg 749 Leg Pathology 755 Anterolateral Leg 755. 1 Muscle Hernias 755. 2 Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome 757. 3 Compartment Syndromes 757. 4 Superficial Peroneal Neuropathy 759 Posteromedial Leg 759. 1 Tears of the Medial Head of the Gastrocnemius 759. 2 Plantaris Tendon Tears 765. 3 Calf Vein Thrombosis 767 A Phlebitis of the Calf Veins 768. 5 Sural Neuropathy 769 Leg Masses 769 References 771... 

Superficial venous thrombosis, which is also known as superficial thrombophlebitis, refers to thrombus located in the large or small saphenous veins or in superficial varicosities. This condition does not have the same clinical implications as deep venous thrombosis and, when the deep system is not involved, can be treated with only heat and anticoagulation drugs (aspirin). The thrombosis of the superficial venous system is more easily recog-... 

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