Ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy

Darvall, K.A., Bate, G.R., Adam, D.J., Silverman, S.H., Bradbury, A.W., 2011. Duplex ultrasound outcomes following ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy of symptomatic recurrent great saphenous varicose veins. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 42,107-114. 

Kulkarni SR, Messenger DE, Slim FJA, Emerson LG, Bulbulia RA, Whyman MR, et al. The incidence and characterization of deep vein thrombosis following ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy in 1.000 legs with superficial venous reflex. J Vase Surg Ven lymph Disord 2013 l(3) 231-8. 

In a literature survey of randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and observational studies using survival analysis for long-term outcomes, foam was more effective than liquid for ultrasound-guided sclerotherapy [87 ]. The two types of sclerosants are equally effective for sclerotherapy of small veins, but little else is known, according to this study, about the optimal preparation of foam sclerosants and the best technique for administering foam. 

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