Three-way design

Sorenson et al. (204) proposed LaCo03 as a potential catalyst for the simultaneous reduction of NO and the oxidation of CO and unburned hydrocarbons (three-way design). These authors found this perovskite to be very effective with NO conversions of approximately 95% and CO and HC conversions of up to 85%. The perovskite (Lao.6Sr0.4)(Coo.94-Pto.o3Ru0.o3)03 has been reported to be particularly suited for this purpose. For the selective reduction of NO to N2 at the reducing side and an efficient oxidation of CO and HC at the oxidizing side of the stoichio-... 

Defect. A plaintiff must estabUsh that the product which iajured him was defective. A product can be defective ia three ways it may be defectively manufactured, defectively designed, or sold with iaadequate warnings. 

Multi-Port This term refers to any vaWc or manifold of s ah es with more than one inlet or outlet. For throttling control, the three-way body is used for blending (two inlets, one outlet) or as a dh ertor (one inlet, two outlets), A three-way S ah e is most commonly a special globelike body with special trim that allows flow both o cr and under the plug. Two rotaiw s ah es and a pipe tee can also be used. Special three-, four-, and fh e-way ball- ah e designs are used for switching applications. 

Membrane System Design Features For the rate process of permeation to occur, there must be a driving force. For gas separations, that force is partial pressure (or fugacity). Since the ratio of the component fluxes determines the separation, the partial pressure of each component at each point is important. There are three ways of driving the process Either high partial pressure on the feed side (achieved by high total pressure), or low partial pressure on the permeate side, which may be achieved either by vacuum or by introduc-... 

FBC ash is irregular, whereas PC ash, because it melts at the elevated operating temperatures, is spherical. This difference in shape influences baghouse design in three ways (I) FBC ash does not flow... 

Figure 5.6 Schematic design for recycling cliromatography in wliich the effluent is recycled tlirough the pump 1, eluent 2, pump 3, injector 4, chromatograpliic column 5, detector 6, three way valve 7, waste 8, T-connection.

Adjustable-speed shunt-wound motors with field control are designed for operation over speed ranges of 3 to 1 or greater. Standard adjustable-speed motors are rated in three ways tapered horsepower, continuous, 40°C rise constant horsepower, continuous, 40°C rise and constant horsepower, 1 hr,. 50°C rise, of the next larger horsepower rating than for continuous duty. 

Automobile catalytic converter. Catalytic converters contain a "three-way" catalyst designed to convart CO to CO2, unbumed hydrocarbons to CO2 and H2O. and NO to N2. The activa components of the catalysts are the precious metals platinum and rhodium palladium is sometimes used as well. 

Ernest Rutherford observed that the paths taken by energetic particles emitted by radioactive uranium and thorium responded in three ways to magnetic fields slightly bent, strongly bent, and unaffected. He gave them the designations or, fi, and y. Even though scientists soon identified the particles, they still use these names to emphasize that they are nuclear decay products. 

In the USA, three-way catalysts have to maintain high activity and meet the emission standards of Tab. 10.2 after 50,000 miles or five years. Because catalysts deactivate with use, fresh catalysts are designed such that they perform well below the emission standards. The extent to which a three-way catalyst deactivates depends on many factors. The wide range of vehicle operating conditions due to differences in style of driving is important. 

Since nitrous oxide, NjO, is a designated "greenhouse" gas, and may contribute to depletion of the ozone layer, its removal from emissions to atmosphere is desirable [1]. However, there are several reports that NjO can be formed at low selectivity as an undesirable by-product of NO+CO conversions during the initial warm-up-from-cold periods in three-way-catalytic (TWC) converters or components thereof [1-3]. TWC s commonly contain Rhodium and Ceria and although N,0 dissociation over RhjO, has been extensively studied [4], the following are among mechanistic possibilities as yet... 

A receiver for low pressure distillations designed by G. A. R. Kon (1930) is quite easy to make the joints D and C (Figure 61) are both standard B.19 joints the two taps at A andRare standard designs of three-way taps. For the part G a tube of about 3 cm diameter... 

In the case that interactions prove to be insignificant, it should be gone over to the ab model the estimations of which for the various variance components is more reliable than that of the 2ab model. A similar scheme can be used for three-way ANOVA when the factor c is varied at two levels. In the general, three-way analysis bases on block-designed experiments as shown in Fig. 5.1. 

In some cases interactions are improbable and information on them is not needed. Then reduced variants of three-way ANOVA can be applied by which the effects of the main factors can be estimated more reliable (see Dunn and Clark [1974] Graf et al. [1987] Sachs [1992]). Concentrating on the main effects, the design of the experiments can be aimed at a minimum number of observations. 

Three-way catalysts (TWC), or equilibrium catalysts are designed for the simultaneous control of three automotive pollutants NO, CO, and hydrocarbons (HC). Since rhodium has the desired selectivity for the reduction of NO to with minimum NH-j formation and is also selective... 

Three-way catalytic converter chemical reactions and surface chemistry, 10 46-50 design of, 10 39-46 surface chemistry and reaction mechanisms, 10 49-50 Three-way control valves, 20 686 Three-way conversion (TWC) catalysts, 10 38, 40... 

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