Thirst supplementation

Those with type 1 diabetes mellitus produce insulin in insufficient amounts and tiierefore must have insulin supplementation to survive Type 1 diabetes usually has a rapid onset, occurs before die age of 20 years, produces more severe symptoms tiian type 2 diabetes, and is more difficult to control. Major symptoms of type 1 diabetes include hyperglycemia, polydipsia (increased thirst), polyphagia (increased appetite), polyuria (increased urination), and weight loss. Treatment of type 1 diabetes is particularly difficult to control because of the lack of insulin production by die pancreas. Treatment requires a strict regimen tiiat typically includes a carefully calculated diet, planned physical activity, home glucose testing several times a day, and multiple daily insulin injections. 

In pigs, chicken, cattle, sheep and rats, Li supplements of > 100 mg kg" ration DM reduced feed consumption and induced thirst... 

The supplementation of hen s feed (1.7 g Na kg ) with 0.5 to 10 g NaCl did not affect either the quantity or quality of egg production (Richter and Thieme 2000). Supplementation of hen s feed with 50 to 150 g kg sodium produced thirst, diarrhea, stress, reduced feed intake, cessation of egg production, and molting (Korber etal. 1984). 

The primary treatment for hyponatremia owing to excess free water in the body is to remove the excess water and, if indicated, to treat the source of water retention. If diuretics are used to remove water, the nurse must monitor intake and output and electrolytes closely. Most diuretics work by removing sodium and water thus sodium levels may remain low initially. If the patient is symptomatic, sodium supplement may be given. The nurse should monitor for signs of hypernatremia (e.g., thirst, agitation, and hyperreflexia), which indicates that too much fluid was removed or too much sodium was infused. Potassium loss may occur with diuretics as well, so the nurse should monitor for hypokalemia. 6... 

In a 6-week study to evaluate the effectiveness of Vitamin D supplementation (vitamin D2 or D3 2000lU, or vitamin D2 50,000 lU weekly) compared with calcium for treatment of vitamin D sufficiency in children with inflammatory bowel disease was examined [49 ]. The most commonly reported events were nausea (n=6) increased thirst and loss of appetite (n=5 each) pruritus (n=4) drowsiness and increased urinary frequency (n=3 each) abdomirwl pain, hone pain, headache and constipation (n=2 each) rash, sensitive eyes, vomiting, irregular heartbeat, dry mouth and muscle pain (n=1 each). There were no significant differences in the frequency of adverse events between groups, and no serious adverse events were observed. 

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