Thiocyanate toxicity

Sodium nitropmsside hour <1 minute 10-800 meg /minute Cyanide or thiocyanate toxicity, hypotension, headache Can increase ICP, should not be given in pregnancy... 

Nitroprusside is the agent of choice for minute- to-minute control in most cases. It is usually given as a continuous IV infusion at a rate of 0.25 to 10 mcg/kg/min. Its onset of hypotensive action is immediate and disappears within 1 to 2 minutes of discontinuation. When the infusion must be continued longer than 72 hours, serum thiocyanate levels should be measured, and the infusion should be discontinued if the level exceeds 12 mg/dL. The risk of thiocyanate toxicity is increased in patients with impaired kidney function. Other adverse effects include nausea, vomiting, muscle twitching, and sweating. 

Q9 Sodium nitroprusside acts via the production of NO. It is a powerful vasodilator and a potent, rapidly acting antihypertensive agent. The drug is administered by intravenous infusion but is then converted to thiocyanate in plasma. Thiocyanate toxicity can occur with continued use consequently, sodium nitroprusside can be used only for short-term treatment. 

Thiocyanate toxicity with prolonged or too rapid infusion should not be used in... 

B. Thiocyanate toxicity does not occur with acute brief use in persons with normal renal function, but may result from prolonged Infusions (eg, > 3 mcg/kg/min for 48 hours or longer), especially In persons with renal insufficiency (with rates as low as 1 mcg/kg/min). 

Care must be exercised in using sodium nitrite near other chemicals. It is incompatible with ammonium salts, thiocyanates, thiosulfates, and strong reducing agents. In acid solutions, sodium nitrite evolves toxic NO in the presence of secondary amines it can form nitrosamines which are suspected carcinogens. 

Health nd SMety Factors. The lowest pubhshed human oral toxic dose is 430 mg/kg, causing nervous system disturbances and gastrointestinal symptoms. The LD q (rat, oral) is 750 mg/kg (183). Thiocyanates are destroyed readily by soil bacteria and by biological treatment systems in which the organisms become acclimatized to thiocyanate. Pyrolysis products and combustion products can include toxic hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides. 

Manufacture, Shipment, and Analysis. In the United States, sodium and potassium thiocyanates are made by adding caustic soda or potash to ammonium thiocyanate, followed by evaporation of the ammonia and water. The products are sold either as 50—55 wt % aqueous solutions, in the case of sodium thiocyanate, or as the crystalline soHds with one grade containing 5 wt % water and a higher assay grade containing a maximum of 2 wt % water. In Europe, the thiocyanates may be made by direct sulfurization of the corresponding cyanide. The acute LD q (rat, oral) of sodium thiocyanate is 764 mg/kg, accompanied by convulsions and respiratory failure LD q (mouse, oral) is 362 mg/kg. The lowest pubhshed toxic dose for potassium thiocyanate is 80—428 mg/kg, with hallucinations, convulsions, or muscular weakness. The acute LD q (rat, oral) for potassium thiocyanate is 854 mg/kg, with convulsions and respiratory failure. 

Method of Rh(III) - Ru(III) separation and isolation them from rai e and nonferrous metals based on formation of different charged complexes with varied stability has been proposed. Possibility of sepai ation of Ru(III), Rh(III), Pd(II), Pt(II) by water-soluble extractants from concentrated thiocyanate solutions has been displayed. Accelerated procedures of extraction-photometric determination of Rh(III), Ru(III) in solutions and waste products, which ai e chai acterized by high selectivity, availability, usage of non-toxic extractants have been worked out. 

Potassium thiocyanate, cobalt(ll) chloride, and hydrochloric acid are toxic. 

Nitroprusside 0.25-3 mcg/kg per minute BP, HR, liver and kidney function, blood cyanide and/or thiocyanate concentrations if toxicity suspected (nausea, vomiting, altered mental function)... 

About 100 gal of process wastewater is typically generated from 1 t of coke produced.15 These wastewaters from byproduct coke making contain high levels of oil and grease, ammonia nitrogen, sulfides, cyanides, thiocyanates, phenols, benzenes, toluene, xylene, other aromatic volatile components, and polynuclear aromatic compounds. They may also contain toxic metals such as antimony, arsenic, selenium, and zinc. Water-to-air transfer of pollutants may take place due to the escape of volatile pollutants from open equalization and storage tanks and other wastewater treatment systems in the plant. 

Thiocyanate metabolites resulting from the transulfuration process are about 120 times less toxic than the parent cyanide compound. 

Weanling males fed diets containing 1500 mg KCN/kg, or 2240 potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) for 50 weeks No deaths or clinical signs of toxicity. Both groups had decreased thyroid gland activity. Cyanide, but not thiocyanate, caused reduction in growth rate 38... 

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