Thickening capacity

Figure 48. Plot showing effect of underflow rate on thickening capacity.

Anticoagulant, antithrombotic, anti-indammatory, antiviral, cellular antiproliferative, and adhesive activities Unique and imusual properties Unique properties unusual gelling, high metal-binding and thickening capacities, resistance to high salinities,... 

These data show that the lower-molecular-weight, methyl-substituted GG are somewhat 1. poorer viscosifiers, 2. more prone to shear degradation in high shear applications, and 3 more prone to lose thickening capacity when electrolyte is added to the copolymer solution than is the unsubstituted copolymer. 

Stacking of sedimentation units in vertical arrangements increases the capacity per unit area. Multiple compartment or tray thickeners consist of two... 

Drive Assemblies The drive assembly is the key component of a sedimentation unit. The drive assembly provides (1) the force to move the rakes through the thickened pulp and to move settled solids to the point of discharge, (2) the support for the mechanism which permits it to rotate, (3) adequate reserve capacity to withstand upsets andtem-poraiy overloads, and (4) a reliable control which protects the mechanism from damage when a major overload occurs. 

More detailea descriptions of small-scale sedimentation and filtration tests are presented in other parts of this section. Interpretation of the results and their conversion into preliminary estimates of such quantities as thickener size, centrifuge capacity, filter area, sludge density, cake diyness, and wash requirements also are discussed. Both the tests and the data treatment must be in experienced hands if error is to be avoided. 

The bubble size in these cells tends to be the smallest (10 to 50 Im) as compared to the dissolved-air and dispersed-air flotation systems. Also, very httle turbulence is created by the bubble formation. Accordingly, this method is attractive for the separation of small particles and fragile floes. To date, electroflotation has been applied to effluent treatment and sludge thickening. However, because of their bubble generation capacity, these units are found to be economically attractive for small installations in the flow-rate range of 10 to 20 mVh. Electroflotation is not expected to be suitable for potable water treatment because of the possible heavy metal contamination that can arise due to the dissolution of the electrodes. 

Detention Time Waste activated sludge only, after sludge thickening. 10 -15 days volumetric displacement time. If sludge temperatures are much less than 60°F, more capacity should be provided. Primary sludge mixed with waste activated or trickling filter humus. 20 days displacement time in moderate climates. 

Coe, H.S. and Clevenger, G.H., 1916. Methods for deteiTnining the capacities of slime thickening tanks. Transactions of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, 55, 356-384. 

This unit is good to pre-thicken feed to centrifugal filters and similar applications. One cyclone may satisfy a requirement, or the units can be arranged in parallel for large capacities or in series for removal of extreme fines. See Figure 4-53 for a counter-current wash system. Solids as small as 10 microns can be separated. 

Some by-products from the food industry contain high proportions of plant cell walls which can be used in human nutrition to produce "dietary fibre" or "functional fibre", i.e. compounds which can be used for their water-holding/binding properties, oil-binding capacity,... or as a source of polysaccharides such as pectins which are suitable after extraction, as gelling or thickening agents. 

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