Thermodynamic efficiency index

The penetration-enhancing activities of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and diter-penes were evaluated. Terpenes with relatively high lipophilic index exhibited absorption-promoting effects however, extremely high Upophilicity led to lower enhancing activities (Takayama et al., 1991). It was suggested that the difference in percutaneous absorption enhancing efficiency of terpenes arose from the difference in their thermodynamic activities in the vehicle (Obata et al., 1993). 

Because of the rapidly growing number of reactions which can be carried out in supercritical fluids, there is an increasing demand for in situ techniques to monitor the course of chemical syntheses in these reaction media. There is a growing need to have efficient analytical techniques in order to determine chemical properties (like concentration and chemical species), physicochemical parameters (Uke heat capacities, conductivity, density, refractive index, and solu-bihty), thermodynamical information (like phase behavior and boundaries, partitioning, and critical points) and/or engineering information (like transfer phenomena, mixing, and scale-up). 

An object-oriented language for modelling general dynamic process was successfully developed and its usage has proved efficiency in code reusability. The development of model libraries of models for thermodynamics, process engineering and other application areas is one of the future tasks. The DAE index reduction method allows EMSO to directly solve high-index DAE systems without user interaction. This fact combined with the symbolic and automatic differentiation systems and the CAPE-OPEN interfaces leads to a software with several enhancements. 

Continued investigations by Sawyer et al. (18-22) showed specific interactions affecting retention, thermodynamics and separation efficiencies, and correlations of aromatic substituent effects. These studies led to a thermodynamic gas chromatographic retention index for organic molecules. 

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