Thermo-microbalance

All pyrolysis experiments were carried out in the thermo-gravimetric apparatus (TGA) having a pressure capacity of up to 1000 psi. A schematic of the experimental unit is shown in Figure 1. It consists of the DuPont 1090 Thermal Analyzer and the microbalance reactor. The latter was enclosed inside a pressure vessel with a controlled temperature programmer and a computer data storage system. The pressure vessel was custom manufactured by Autoclave Engineers. A similar set-up was used previously by others.( )... 

The historical aspects ofTG have been discussed by Duval (3-5), Wend-Iandt (7), Keattch (23), and others (107-109). Perhaps thejirst thermobalance was that described by Nernst and Riesenfeld (I20X whp used a Nernst quartz torsion microbalance. equipped wit an electric furnace, to study the mass-loss on heating of Iceland spar. opal, zirconia, and other minerals. The Japanese Honda was apparently the first to use the term ihermobalance for an instrument he described in 1915 (9). The French school of thermo-gravimetry began with Urbain in 1912 when he modified two-pan analytical balance into a cril e thermobalance (24). This was followed by the work of Guichard (1923) (10), Vallet (1936), Chevenard (1936), Duval (1950), and many others.The first commercial thermobalance in the United States, which prompted funner work in TG. was that described by Mauer (31) in 1954,... 

The coke amounts, deposited on the catalyst, were measured by using a TGA (Thermo-gravimetric Analysis) microbalance. 

In the case of OP decontamination, parathion and paraoxon were spin-coated on glass or gold film surfaces from 0.023 ttiM solution in ethanol. The loadings of parathion and paraoxon were determined with a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). The deposited amount of parathion and paraoxon film was 8.5 pg/cm and 5.0 pg/cm, respectively. These OP films were then treated with an 02/Ar plasma. The treated samples were analyzed with polarization-modulcation reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (PM-RAIRS Thermo Nicholet Nexus 670 with a Hindz polarization modulation imit and a GWC demodulator) and tested for residual toxicity. 

Tapered element oscillating microbalance reactor [Patashnick and Rupprecht (TEOM Series 1500 PMA Reaction Kinetics Analyzer) Thermo Electron Corporation. Environmental Instruments Division, East Greenbush, N.Y. 12061]. 

Another approach to a dual-responsive material that combines thermo-sensitivity with pH sensitivity was proposed by Kaufmann et al. (2010). Copolymers of NiPAAm and carboxyalkylacrylamides with molar fractions up to 10 mol% were synthesised. As shown in a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) study, the introduction of pH-sensitive... 

It is impossible to comprehensively discuss all non-vibrational in situ techniques with a potential application to oxidation catalysts within this chapter. Therefore, we have selected only those methods for a more detailed presentation which have seen a widespread application so far and/or offer unique opportunities for understanding the functioning of real catalysts. For more specific in situ methods, such as the microscopy techniques mentioned above, Mossbauer spectroscopy which is restricted to the viewing of elements only, or thermo-analytical studies using an oscillating microbalance reactor,the reader is referred to the respective reviews. 

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