Thermal microscopy fundamentals

Reif F (1965). Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics, McGraw-Hill, New York. Reimer L (1993). Transmission Electron Microscopy Physics of Image Formation and Microanalysis, Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 

Tompkins (1978) concentrates on the fundamental and experimental aspects of the chemisorption of gases on metals. The book covers techniques for the preparation and maintenance of clean metal surfaces, the basic principles of the adsorption process, thermal accommodation and molecular beam scattering, desorption phenomena, adsorption isotherms, heats of chemisorption, thermodynamics of chemisorption, statistical thermodynamics of adsorption, electronic theory of metals, electronic theory of metal surfaces, perturbation of surface electronic properties by chemisorption, low energy electron diffraction (LEED), infra-red spectroscopy of chemisorbed molecules, field emmission microscopy, field ion microscopy, mobility of species, electron impact auger spectroscopy. X-ray and ultra-violet photoelectron spectroscopy, ion neutralization spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, appearance potential spectroscopy, electronic properties of adsorbed layers. 

Hot-stage microscopy not only benefits from the features of the hot stage but also the quality and accessories of the microscope. It is obvious that this technique also needs some fundamental knowledge of chemical and optical microscopy. In this context, it should be noted that the advantage of hot stages that combine the features of differential thermal analysis (DTA) and optical microscopy are questionable since both the sensitivity of the DTA signal and the microscopic preparation features suffer much from this combination. 

Mtiller AJ, Amal ML (2005) Thermal fractionation of polymers. Prog Polym Sci 30 559-603 Murphy DB, Davidson MW (2012) Fundamentals of light microscopy and electronic imaging, 2nd edn. Wiley-Blackwell, New York... 

Nanomodification creates improved fibre characteristics, e.g. mechanical strength, thermal stability, the enhancement of barrier properties, fire resistance, ion exchange capability, etc., for use in different application fields. In order to follow modification efficiency, various characterization techniques can be used, e.g. X-ray analysis to study composite structure, morphological observations by electron microscopy, mechanical tests, determination of electrokinehc properties, calorimetric measurements. The dispersion of particles within the hybrid system is of fundamental importance, and thus to observe particles a method based on selective etching of the polymer using a plasma... 

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