Thermal catalytic cracking

First down-flow design FCC unit was brought on-line. First thermal catalytic cracking (TCC) brought on-line. 

Steinfeld, A. et al., Production of filamentous carbon and hydrogen by solar thermal catalytic cracking of methane, Chem. Eng. Sci., 52,3599, 1997. 

Fuel gas-make and the ratio thermal/catalytic cracking (C2-minus/ iC4). 

These non-conventional resources can only be treated by secondary processes, which include thermal, catalytic cracking, and/or visbreaking. Thus, different technologies and secondary production processes are used for the treatment of non-conventional resources. Consequently, Canada has a reputation as a pioneer country in non-conventional oil production. The Canadian industry has been very successful at reducing the cost of developing these resources. The production from oil sands is almost a major component in crude oil production in Canada. 

Thermal Catalytic Cracking Hydro Cracking Cracking... 

H2S is found with the reservoir gas and dissolved in the crude (< 50 ppm by weight), but it is formed during refining operations such as catalytic cracking, hydrodesulfurization, and thermal cracking or by thermal decomposition of sulfur[Pg.322]

Fractions treated by this process are light products from the primary distillation LPG to Kerosene, or light products from thermal and catalytic cracking (visbreaking, coking, FCC). 

Acid gases are mainly hydrogen sulfide (H2S) originating essentially from hydrotreating units off-gas. Smaller quantities are also produced in thermal and catalytic cracking units. 

Contaminated water comes from primary distillation (desalting), hydrotreating, thermal cracking and catalytic cracking units. 

As indicated in Table 4, large-scale recovery of natural gas Hquid (NGL) occurs in relatively few countries. This recovery is almost always associated with the production of ethylene (qv) by thermal cracking. Some propane also is used for cracking, but most of it is used as LPG, which usually contains butanes as well. Propane and ethane also are produced in significant amounts as by-products, along with methane, in various refinery processes, eg, catalytic cracking, cmde distillation, etc (see Petroleum). They either are burned as refinery fuel or are processed to produce LPG and/or cracking feedstock for ethylene production. 

Refinery Production. Refinery propylene is formed as a by-product of fluid catalytic cracking of gas oils and, to a far lesser extent, of thermal processes, eg, coking. The total amount of propylene produced depends on the mix of these processes and the specific refinery product slate. For example, in the United States, refiners have maximized gasoline production. This results in a higher level of propylene production than in Europe, where proportionally more heating oil is produced. 

Thermal Asphalt. Thermal asphalt products are in low supply because the thermal process has been virtually replaced by catalytic cracking processes. Thermal pitches, because of their high viscosity temperature susceptibiHty, are very hard at ordinary temperatures (Table 9), but become quite... 

Where is naphthenic acid corrosion found Naphthenic acid corrosion occurs primarily in crude and vacuum distillation units, and less frequently in thermal and catalytic cracking operations. It usually occurs in furnace coils, transfer lines, vacuum columns and their overhead condensers, sidestream coolers, and pumps. 

---