Thermal analysis and calorimetry

The modern instrumentation used for any experiment in thermal analysis or calorimetry is usually made up of four major parts  

Differential thermal analysis DTA Temperature difference Phase changes, reactions 

Differential scanning calorimetry DSC Power difference or heat flow Heat capacity, phase changes, reactions 

Thermomechanical analysis TMA Deformations Dimensional change Mechanical changes Expansion 

Dynamic mechanical analysis DMA Moduli Phase changes, glass transitions, polymer cure 

According to the definition presented by the International Confederation of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry (ICTAC), thermal analysis is a group of techniques in which a physical property of a substance is measured while the substance is subjected to a controlled temperature programme . Table 7.3 summarizes the most important techniques that are briefly discussed below. 

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Brown, M.E., 1998. Handbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Vol. 1. Principles and Practice, Edited by P.K. Gallagher, Elsevier, 1998. 

The prospects of DSC, have been reviewed in a special issue of Thermochimica Acta, which includes a collection of articles on advances of thermal analysis in the twentieth century and expected future developments [232,235,236]. This journal and the Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, where research articles about DSC and its applications are often published, are very useful sources of information on the technique. Although relatively old, the reviews by McNaughton and Mortimer [237] and by Mortimer [238] contain excellent examples of applications of DSC to molecular thermochemistry studies. The analytical uses of DSC, which are outside the scope of this book, can be surveyed, for example, in biannual reviews that appear in the journal Analytical Chemistry [239],... 

W. Hemminger, S. M. Sarge. Definitions, Nomenclature, Terms and Literature. In Handbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, vol. 1 Principles and Practice-, M. E. Brown, Ed. Elsevier New York, 1998 chapter 1. 

V B. F. Mathot. Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry Beyond 2000 Challenges and New Routes. Thermochim. Acta 2000, 355, 1-33. 

Dong, H. B. and Hunt, J. D. (2001). A numerical model for two-pan heat flux DSC. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 64,167-176. 

J.C. Oxley, The Thermal Stabihty of Explosives Chapter 8 in Handbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry Applications to Inorganic and Miscellaneous Materials Volume 2 , P.K. Gallagher and M.E. Brown, eds, Elsevier p. 349—369. Elsevier Amsterdam. 

We note now the conference proceedings paper, M. V. Roux, J. Z. Ddvalos and P. Jimdnez, 12 International Congress on Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, August 14-18, 2000, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp. 305-306. 

FIGURE 13.5 Calorimetric and volumetric data obtained from adsorption calorimetry measurements Raw pressure and heat flow data obtained for each dose of probe molecule and Thermokinetic parameter (a), Volumetric isotherms (b), Calorimetric isotherms (c), Integral heats (d), Differential heats (e), Site Energy Distribution Spectrum (f). (From Damjanovic, Lj. and Auroux, A., Handbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Further Advances, Techniques and Applications, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 387-438, 2007. With permission.)... 

Damjanovic, Lj., and Auroux, A. Handbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Further Advances, Techniques and Applications. Edited by M. Brown and P. Gallagher, 387 38. Amsterdam Elsevier, 2007. 

Liu, Q., Lu, X., Yada, R. (2005). The effect of various potato cultivars at different times during growth on starch content determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 79(1), 13-18. 

By P.S. Hughes and E.D. Baxter Understanding Batteries By Ronald M. Dell and David A.J. Rand Principles of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry... 

There are a number of excellent books that provide information on pharmaceutical thermal analysis but many do not include sections on isothermal microcalorimetry. Probably the most useful textbook in print is The Handbook of Thermal Analysis. Vol 1 Principles and practice, edited by ME Brown, Elsevier Science (Amsterdam), 1998, which comprehensively covers all aspects of thermal analysis. A more specialised, but now out of print, text is Biological Microcalorimetry, edited by AE Beezer, Academic Press (London), 1982 and an excellent chapter can be found in Principles of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, edited by PJ Haines, RSC (Cambridge), 2002. The subject of pharmaceutical uses of DSC is more widely covered with excellent texts including Biocalorimetry, edited by JE Ladbury and BZ Chowdhry, Wiley (Chichester), 1998 and Pharmaceutical Thermal Analysis, edited by JL Ford and P Timmins, Ellis Harwood, 1989 (although a new edition of this text is due, edited by JL Ford, P Timmins and G Buckton). 

Gygax, R. (1980) Differential scanning calorimetry- Scope and limitations of its use as tool for estimating the reaction dynamics of potential hazardous chemical reactions, in 6th International Conference on Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Birkhauser Verlag, Basel. 

Roduit, B., Borgeta, C., Berger, B., Folly, P., Alonso, B., Aebischer, J.N. and Stoessel, F. (2004) Advanced kinetic tools for the evaluation of decomposition reactions, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 80, 229-36. 

Stoessel, F. (2006) Novel approach to emergency pressure relief design using calorimetric methods, in STK-Meeting (Swiss Society of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry), STK meeting, Basle. 

Laye, P.G. 2002. Differential thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. In, Principles of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry (P. J. Haines, ed.), pp. 55-93, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge. 

Battistel, E., Attanasio, F., Rialdi, G. (2000) Thermal stability of immobilized a-chymotrypsinogen, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 61(2), 513-525. 

Fessas, D., Signorelli, M. and Schiraldi, A. (2005). Polymorphous transitions in cocoa butter -a quantitative dsc siuAy.Joumal Of Thermal Analysis And Calorimetry, 82(3) 691-702. 

Perdigon-Melon, J.A., Auroux, A. and Bonnetot, B. (2003) Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 72, 443-51. 

Handbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Chapter 12 (in press). 

E. Robens, J.A. Poulis, C.H. Massen Fast gas adsorption measurements for complicated adsorption mechanisms. In V.A. Tertykh, V. Pokrovskiy (eds.) Proceedings of the 28 International Conference on Vacuum Microbalance Techniques, 1999, Kyiv. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 62 (2000) 429-433. 

F.H. Herbstein, Proc.Israel-Hungary Binational Conference on Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry of Materials, Ein-Bokek, Israel, 1996, p.6. C.E.H. Bawn, Chemistry of the Solid State, (Ed. W.E. Gamer), Butterworths, London, 1955, Chap.lO. 

Haines, PJ. (2002) Principles and Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Royal Society of Chemistry. 

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