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Thermal abuse

Zingerone has not been found by us either in fresh oleoresin samples, or in samples stored over some years it will probably be found only under high thermal abuse of samples. A sample of zingerone obtained by alkali hydrolysis of gingerol and a synthetic sample have been tested, and found to be only mildly pungent. [Pg.78]

Tn the development of oxidative automotive emission control catalysts for use in the 1975 model year, certain requirements were recognized from the beginning. The catalyst had to be physically rugged and capable of withstanding both the mechanical and thermal abuse to which it would be subjected in an automobile driven by average drivers on real roads. The catalyst had to exhibit high levels of activity so that the catalytic units would be of reasonable size. The catalyst had to be stable for at least 50,000 miles and capable of withstanding chemical abuse from the exhausts of the various fuels to which it would be subjected. [Pg.139]

Ice crystal size distribution in a sample of ice cream before and after thermal abuse... [Pg.138]

Figure 7.14 shows air bubble size distributions at three different stages on leaving the factory freezer, at the end of hardening and after being thermally abused by being held at —10 °C for five days. The mean air bubble size is initially 23 pm. The dispersion of small air bubbles (like other dispersions) has an inherent tendency to coarsen. After hardening the distribution is broader and the mean size is 43 pm. (This is very similar to the increase in size on hardening in a different sample that was shown in Figure 4.16.) On abuse, this increases to 84 pm and the distribution becomes very broad, with a small number of crystals larger than 100 pm. Figure 7.14 shows air bubble size distributions at three different stages on leaving the factory freezer, at the end of hardening and after being thermally abused by being held at —10 °C for five days. The mean air bubble size is initially 23 pm. The dispersion of small air bubbles (like other dispersions) has an inherent tendency to coarsen. After hardening the distribution is broader and the mean size is 43 pm. (This is very similar to the increase in size on hardening in a different sample that was shown in Figure 4.16.) On abuse, this increases to 84 pm and the distribution becomes very broad, with a small number of crystals larger than 100 pm.
ISO 10093 [10], Plastics -Fire Tests—Standard ignition sources, specifies a range of laboratory ignition sources for use in fire tests on plastics. The sources vary in intensity and area of impingement and may be used to simulate the initial thermal abuse to which plastics may be exposed in certain actual fire risk scenarios. [Pg.666]

The differences lie in molecular weights. They range from 2000 to 20,000 for viscous liquids, to between 100,000 and 400,000 for high molecular weight elastomers that resemble unmilled crepe rubber. The polymers degrade readily from thermal abuse. They can be stabilized effectively, however, by adding small quantities (0.1-1.0%) of such stabilizers as aromatic amines, phenols, or sulfur compounds. Polyisobutylenes are soluble in many hydrocarbons and are resistant to attacks by many chemicals. [Pg.233]

Kim G-H, Pesaran A, Spotnitz R (2007) A thiee-dimtaisi[Pg.317]

This measurement is not sensitive, but its precision is relatively high. The results are related to flavor precursors such as hydroperoxides, but not to the flavor compounds. This method is empirical, and the results are misleading in samples that have been thermally abused or subjected to light oxidation. The peroxide value of samples heated under the AOM or OSI conditions is not related to the actual level of oxidation in the same samples stored under either ambient or lower temperature (below bO C) conditions. [Pg.178]

One of the common thermal abuse tests in practice is hot-oven test, which is performed by heating the cell in gravity convection or circulating air oven at a specific heating rate (typically 5 °C/min) to a certain temperature and remain for a specified duration. The... [Pg.415]

E. P. Roth, C. Crafts, D. H. Doughty, J. McBreen, Thermal Abuse Performance of 18650 Li-ion Cells, Sandia Report, ATD Program for Lithium-Ion Batteries, March 2004. [Pg.435]

Thermal abuse tests 1. Heating 2. High and low-temperature cycling 3. Fire exposure 4. Hot plate 5. Oil bath... [Pg.478]

Concurrently with analyzing novel materials for increased capacity and rate capability, safety testing of these cell components must be done, first on the raw material and then, in the actual lithium-ion cells. There are several experimental and analytical methods to help assess the reliability, reactivity, and sensitivity of the cell materials to thermal runaway and their stability. Two of the more common methods of identifying effects that thermal abuse will have on the components are differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC). [Pg.120]

Abraham DP et al (2006) Diagnostic examination of thermally abused high-power lithium-ion cells. J Power Sources 161 648-657. doi 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.04.088... [Pg.148]

Roth EP, Crafts CC, Doughty DH, McBreen J (2004) Advanced technology development program for lithium-ion batteries thermal abuse performance of 18,650 Li-ion cells. Sandia National Laboratories SAND2004-0584 report... [Pg.148]


See other pages where Thermal abuse is mentioned: [Pg.140]    [Pg.141]    [Pg.125]    [Pg.2]    [Pg.134]    [Pg.135]    [Pg.341]    [Pg.452]    [Pg.213]    [Pg.2103]    [Pg.295]    [Pg.797]    [Pg.69]    [Pg.449]    [Pg.324]    [Pg.327]    [Pg.342]    [Pg.107]    [Pg.382]    [Pg.382]    [Pg.387]    [Pg.441]    [Pg.409]    [Pg.415]    [Pg.415]    [Pg.416]    [Pg.116]    [Pg.123]    [Pg.140]    [Pg.15]    [Pg.420]    [Pg.422]    [Pg.422]    [Pg.434]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.107 , Pg.178 ]




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