Gravity convection

Mixing force mechanical agiiation+ movement of the gas momentum transfer between gas and liquid gravity, convection and concentration gradients... 

The two principal methods of dry-heat sterilization are infrared and convection hot air. Infrared rays will sterilize only surfaces. Sterilization of interior portions must rely on conduction. Convection hot-air sterilizers are normally heated electrically and are of two types gravity or mechanical. In gravity convection units, a fan is used to promote uniformity of heat distribution throughout the chamber. 

Gravity convection oven (Sheldon Manufacturing, Inc., Cornelius, OR, model 1370 FM). 

Figure 14a, compared with the stable equilibrium bubble shape (Figure 14b) or the stable droplet shape during the evaporation stage in (Figure 4a). Thus the initial flux of CO2 into ethanol at P < Pm is much faster than the reverse process of ethanol evaporation, which can be explained by the higher equilibrium concentration of CO2 in the ethanol-rich phase and also by the larger coefficient of internal mass transfer in comparison to the vapor phase. Clearly, fluid dynamics plays a very important role for both internal and external mass transfer, as illustrated by the very strong gravity convection (concentration plumes) clearly visible in Figures 4 and 14a.

Safety systems operate on passive principles based on general physical laws (gravity, convection) without large consumption of energy or water and no intervention by operators. These systems consist of independent channels each fulfilling its functions under the assumption of a single failure. 

One of the common thermal abuse tests in practice is hot-oven test, which is performed by heating the cell in gravity convection or circulating air oven at a specific heating rate (typically 5 °C/min) to a certain temperature and remain for a specified duration. The... 

Oven ageing (in all but one case gravity convection), see Sect. 3.2.12... 

Fig. 5.26. Change in the relative OIT value 80IT during ageing in air at 80 °C of various samples. Sample 257 was tested in forced air circulation, all other samples in air circulating by gravity convection...

ASTME145 1994 Standard Specification for Gravity-Convection And Forced-Ventilation Ovens... 

Konvektionsofen convection oven (mit natiirlicher Lufitumwalzung) gravity convection oven Konzentration concentration... 

A vertical simple mobile film draining along a border due to marginal regeneration and gravity convection... 

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