Theoretical vs. experimentally

We have seen how consideration of theoretical deposition velocities has identified potential biases in economic assessments. An additional consideration is the relative uncertainties in the determination of theoretical vs. experimental deposition velocities. The heat transfer data on which the theoretical deposition velocities are based are generally very precise, within a few percent. In contrast, the damage functions developed by Lipfert et al. (3) for metals from extant corrosion test data are only capable of predicting corrosion losses at a given time and place within a factor of two, although the individual regression coefficients are much better than that. Most of the uncertainty in the experimental approach is felt to be in test site characterization rather than... 

Figure 3.41 Theoretical vs experimental values of flux with recirculation rate (in laminar flow).

Theoretical Vs Experimental Results for Air Blast from One-Pound Spherical TNT and Pentolite Charges at Sea Level C onditrons, NOLTR-65-57, Naval Ordn Lab, Silver Spring... 

Fig.21. Theoretical vs Experimental breakthrough times for CCU on BPL-type carbon under varying humidits conditions.

Table 2 Theoretical vs experimental CIs and OIs CEBEs (in eV) for CO adsorbed on Pd(IOO) and Pd(llO). The values in parenthesis indicate the absolute deviation (in eV) with respect to the experimental values. All calculated values are corrected for relativistic effects and referenced to the vacuum...

Table I. Theoretical vs Experimental Atomic Energy Separations, AE(eV) of Sc and B atoms.

Figures Absolute e.m.f. dependence of the probe vs. position for different sub-surface crack depths - theoretical and experimental results...

Figure 40. Plot of the fluctuation-diffusion current J vs. iwr.91 id is the slope of the fluctuation-diffusion current given by Eq. (115). Solid and dotted lines correspond to the theoretical and experimental results, respectively. (NiCljJ = 0.1 mol nT3. [NsCl] = 7 mol m 3. V = 0.1 V, T= 300 K. (Reprinted from M. Asanuma and R. Aogaki, Nonequilibrium fluctuation theory on pitting dissolution, n. Determination of surface coverage of nickel passive film, J. Chem. Phys. 106, 9938, 1997, Fig. 8. Copyright 1997, American Institute of Physics.)...

Figure 8 provides a comparison of theoretically computed vs experimental dependences of the active material utilization factor for the investigated electrode. Analytical equations (24) and (25) were used to calculate polarization as a function of the oxidation state, and to calculate the limiting value of the oxidation state as the function of the discharge current (see Figures 7 and 8). 

Both theoretical and experimental studies have been reported for as- and /ra r-l,3,5,7-tetraazadecalin systems 66 and 67 <1996AJC285, 1998JOC8850>. The former is reportedly more stable as the iV-inside form 66a (calc. AH( 29.6 kj mol ) than as the A -outside form 66b (calc. AH( 56.3 kj mol ), although the two forms exist in equilibrium. The more crystalline trans-form 67 again exists in two all-chair conformations, 67a and 67b, of which the former (calc. AH I 37.8 vs. 46.1 kJ mol for R = H) is more stable <1996AJC285>. The conformational effect of changing the 2- and 6-substituents is reportedly small. 

Extensive theoretical and experimental thermodynamic studies have been carried out on the explosive 1,4,5,8-tetranitro-l,4,5,8-tetraazadecalin (TNAD 104). Much of the data are summarized in a 2005 publication <2005IJQ(102)398> in which detailed decomposition profiles are proposed, although additional theoretical studies have been reported since <2006PCB10651>. The first step activation energy is lower for /ra r-104 than for the cis-form (18,5 vs. 33.3kJmoP )-... 

Normalized potential sweep voltammetry (NPSV) involves a three-dimensional analysis of the LSV wave where the normalized current (I/Ip) is taken as the Z axis, theoretical electrode potential data as the X axis, and experimental electrode potential data as the Y axis, with the potential axes defined relative to Ep/2. The method is illustrated by the voltammogram in Fig. 15. The projection of the wave on to the X—Y plane results in a straight line of unit slope and zero intercept if the theoretical and experimental data describe the same process. In practice, NPSV analysis simply involves the linear correlation of experimental vs. theoretical electrode potentials at particular values of the normalized current. 

Fig. 6-1. Comparison of normalized theoretical and experimental Levich-Levich curves for Fe3+, Hg2+, and Ag+ reductions. Solid curves are computer calculated. Experimental points are plotted as Y vs. Q-0 for normalization (see text) and have been shifted horizontally by Q-A. Values of L, final speed Q2, (D/v)U3, and Q A0 are as follows ...

This arbitrary recommendation does not rely on strict theoretical and experimental findings and is based only on the fact that completely different physical conditions have been postulated for the derivation of the equivalent (4.2) and (4.3), while the underlying mechanism in both situations is classical diffusion. In this context, a linear plot of the cumulative amount of drug released q (t) or the fraction of drug released q (f) /f/,Xj (utilizing data up to 60% of the release curve) vs. the square root of time is routinely used in the literature as an indicator for diffusion-controlled drug release from a plethora of delivery systems. 

Fig. 31 The identity plot of the theoretical angles fl aicd vs. experimental angles of rotation of the aryl ring from the plane of a-carbocation. For the a,a-di-f-butylcarbocation, the experimental O xpi value was in a better accordance with the 0caicd estimated for the p-MeO derivative. Data taken from Nakata el al. (1996).

Figure 11 shoves a comparison of the calculated and the experimental dependencies of InKi vs. 1/T for the adsorption of argon and neon on zeolite NaA. Table II gives a comparison of the theoretical and experimental values for the heat of adsorption, (where a O), for the systems Ne-NaA, A-NaA, A-CaA, and CH4-CaA. 

Figure 5. Energetic correlation theoretical (ordinate) vs. experimental...

As already discussed, it has been found that the initial parts of the current transients follow the i-t relation of the pre-exponential term of eq. (5.15). Values of Jv obtained from the slopes of the i vs. t plots can be used for the calculation of fi,max and ii,max needed for a comparison of the theoretical and experimental curves in normalized coordinates. Potentiostatic transients recorded at different overvoltages and normalized in the way described give a package of curves lying in the hatched region of Fig. 5.25 [5.45, 5.46]. 

Fig. 8. The ratio of the reduced coupling matrix element // 2 to R vs. the reduced crossing distance R. Full line shows the relation of Olson et al. (1971). Recent theoretical and experimental values are included.

To compare the experimental results with the theoretical models, we postulated in equation (11) that at a = 1 and all the available binding sites are occupied, i.e. m = 2.00 x 10 2 mole g and that the theoretical and experimental AGg values are equal when n/m = 0.5, i.e., when a = 0.75. In this way the calculated and the experimentally measured aGb vs n curves intersect at this point. 

Theoretically and experimentally, p vs. shear stress show a sharp peak at the stresses corresponding to a transition from the Newtonian plateau to the power-law flow, i.e., to the onset of the elastic behavior (see Figure 9.9). 

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