The therapeutic uses of estrogen

Estradiol is an estrogen that promotes growth and development of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics affects release of pituitary gonadotropins inhibits ovulation and prevents postpartum breast engorgement conserves calcium and phosphorous and encourages bone formation overrides stimulatory effects of testosterone. 

ESTRADIOL/LEVONORGESTREL (ClimaraPro transdermal patch estradiol 0.045 mg and levonorgestrel 0.015 mg per day) 

Estradiol is estrogen and progestin combined. Estrogens are essential in developing and maintaining the female 

Tibolone (Livial) is widely used in treatment of vasomotor symptoms and prevention of osteoporosis. The parent compound itself is devoid of activity, but it is metabolized in a tissue-selective manner to three metabolites that have predominantly estrogenic, progestogenic, and androgenic activities. The drug appears to increase bone mineral density and decrease vasomotor symptoms without stimulating the endometrium, but its effects on fractures, breast cancer, and long-term outcomes remain to be established. 

Regardless of the specific agent or regimen, menopansal hormone therapy with estrogens shonld nse the lowest dose and shortest duration necessary to achieve an appropriate therapeutic goal. 

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Adverse effects of variable severity have been reported with the therapeutic use of estrogens. Many other effects reported in conjunction with hormonal contraceptives may be related to their estrogen content. These are discussed below. 

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