Progestins combinations

In monophasic preparations a fixed estrogen/progestin combination is present in each contraceptive pill. 

Sequential preparations contain only estrogens in the first and a fixed estrogen/progestin combination in the second phase of the application period. 

Estrogens and progestins (combination oral contraceptives) are used as oral contraceptives. There are three types of estrogen and progestin combination oral contraceptives monophasic, biphasic, and triphasic. The monophasic oral contraceptives provide a fixed dose of estrogen and progestin throughout the cycle The biphasic and triphasic oral contraceptives deliver hormones similar to the levels naturally produced by the body (Table 52-1). 

The part of the study involving hysterectomized women was also interrupted in February 2004 after nearly 7 years of treatment because there was no protective effect on the risk of heart disease, but the risk of stroke increased at the same rate as for the estrogen plus progestin combination. 

Pharmacology Oral contraceptives (OCs) include estrogen-progestin combinations and progestin-only products. 

The use of HRT for mitigation of cardiovascular disease is not supported by the most recent clinical studies. The use of estrogen-progestin combinations in postmenopausal women was associated with a slight increase in coronary artery disease and a threefold elevation in thromboembolic episodes. 

Some of the contraindications to the use of estrogens, progestins, and estrogen-progestin combinations are presented in Table 61.4. 

Answer You should try to allay her fears but point out that she is correct in being concerned. Tell her that there is an increased risk of breast cancer after estrogen or estrogen-progestin combination therapy but that the risk is relatively small. Inform her... 

Progesterone (see also Progestins Combined oral contraceptives)... 

Oestrogen-progestin combinations (see Oestrogens, progestins and combinations)... 

Voordouw BC, Euser R, Verdonk RE, Alberda BT, de Jong FH, Drogendijk AC, Fauser BC, Cohen M. Melatonin and melatonin-progestin combinations alter pituitary-ovarian function in women and can inhibit ovulation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992 74(1) 108-17. 

Endometriosis Endometriosis, which was formerly treated by surgical removal of the ovaries and uterus, is now treated with the continuous administration of progestin, or with progestin combined with estrogen. In addition, progestin may be useful in the management of endometrial carcinoma. 

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