The Nitrogen Group

Another topical anesthetic, similar to benzocaine, is lidocaine, which is used to relieve the pain of shingles (herpes zoster) infections. Lidocaine is called an amide anesthetic, because it is not an ester (the alcohol is replaced by an amide, the nitrogen group). Amide anesthetics are metabolized by the liver, and are less prone to cause allergic reactions. If an anesthetic has the letter i in the prefix (lidocaine, prilocaine, bupivacaine), it is an amide anesthetic. 

The nitrogen group in fulleropyrrolidines can be used for conjugation with crosslinking agents or hydrophilic biotinylation compounds for subsequent use in bioconjugation reactions. 

The Nitrogen Group (Metalloids to Nonmetals) Periods 2 to 6, Group 15 (VA)... 

Bismuth is the fifth element in the nitrogen group, and its properties are the most metal-like of the five. Elemental bismuth is a heavy, brittle, hard metal that can be polished to a bright gray-white coat with a pinkish hue. It is not found in this state very often because it is more likely to be combined with other metals and minerals, such as tin, lead, iron and cadmium. These are mixtures with low melting points, making them useful in fire-detection devices. 

The amide type local anesthetic lidocaine is broken down primarily in the liver by oxidative N-dealkylation. This step can occur only to a restricted extent in prilocaine and articaine because both carry a substituent on the C-atom adjacent to the nitrogen group. Articaine possesses a carboxymethyl group on its thiophen ring. At this position, ester cleavage can occur, resulting in the formation of a polar -COO group, loss of the amphiphilic character, and conversion to an inactive metabolite. 

Sulphur vapour, at low temperatures, mostly contains the molecules S8 because the angle between the S—S bonds must be about 100°, the S atoms cannot lie in a flat ring but must be folded in a so-called Archimedian antiprism (see Figure 37). In the nitrogen group there are more numerous possibilities, such as ... 

The lack of structural information means that any suggested structure for GTF must be highly speculative. Mertz has suggested1200 that two trans nicotinic acids are coordinated to chromium as illustrated in (258). The first coordination sphere is completed by the various amino adds involved. There is little evidence to support this and it seems unlikely that the hard chromium(III) centre would bind preferentially to the nitrogen group of nicotinic add the idea of N coordination has attracted support and influenced other workers. One product of the reaction of nicotinic acid and chromium(III) (mole ratio 3 1, pH 3.2) has been said to be... 

In the synthesis of manzamine alkaloids, the AA of 8 proceeded with remarkable selectivity, given the fact that the double bond is electronically not differentiated [12]. The formation of 9 as the exclusive product can be understood by a transfer of the nitrogen group via the least hindered trajectory to the alkene, i.e. the less-substituted position of the double and equatorial approach. 

One possible mechanism for this reaction is shown in Scheme 11.10. It commences with a nucleophilic attack of the nitrogen grouping on the... 

Resistance Resistance is constitutive. It is associated with an inability to reduce the nitrogen group in the presence of oxygen. Resistance does not develop during therapy. 

---