The Conical Tank

As in the case of the triangular trough, the area of the liquid surface changes with the level in the tank. We know that the mass balance will lead to the same equation for the differential 

If we were to take a slice through the tank along the central axis, we would be left with a triangular face. From the similar triangles on that face we find  

If the volume were to change differentially by some differential level change we would have  

The solution to the level change as a function of time is the solution to this differential equation  

For a tank of the same dimensions as the previous one and with the same flow rate the level as a function of time is shown here along with a comparison  

---

Anothergeometry that canbe useful toconsideris that of the conical tank. The analysis is similartothatofthetriangulartrough,exceptthattheconeisaxiallysymmetric.Thismakes somedifferenceintheoutcome.ThegeometryforthetankisshownhereinFigureS. 

Another geon etry that can be useful to consider is that of the conical tank. The analysis is similar to that of the triangular trough, except that the cone is axially symmetric. This makes some difference in the outcome. The geometry for the tank is shown here in Figure 5. 

For tank internal pressures that do not exceed the weight of the roof plates, most tanks have conical roofs because these are the simplest and most cost-effective. When the pressure is increased beyond the weight of the roof plates, the roof-to-sheU area goes into hoop compression. A small portion of the roof, the roof-to-sheU angle, and the top few centimeters of the sheU act as a compression ring to resist the unbalanced forces from internal pressure on the conical roof. The internal design pressure for this case may be... 

Pressure Leaf Filters Sometimes called tank filters, they consist of flat filtering elements (leaves) supported in a pressure shell. The leaves are circ ilar, arc-sided, or rectangular, and they have filtering surfaces on both faces. The shell is a cylindrical or conical tank. Its axis may be horizontal or vertical, and the filter type is described by its shell axis orientation. 

Tanks with conical bottoms discharge cakes by gravity and those with dished bottoms have a spade that rakes and conveys the cake towards the outlet. Hence, the conical types require more headroom as compared to the dished type having the same filtration area. Conical tanks also have often an additional scavenging plate at the lower part of the cone to filter the residual slurry heel that remains below the main plates. The slurry heel that remains at the very bottom of the tank is removed through a special dip pipe to avoid discharging a wet cake. To facilitate better cake... 

A familiar military use of this principle is the 3.5 inch antitank rocket, or bazooka round. The explosive charge in the head of the rocket has a conical cavity in the forward end. When the charge is detonated against the side of a tank, the shock waves emerging from the conical cavity are focused on one spot where they will penetrate several inches of tough steel. 

An example of an agitated vessel in which compressed air is used is the Pachuca tank, shown in Figure 10.8. This is a cylindrical tank with a conical bottom, fitted with a central pipe connected to an air supply. Continuous circulation is obtained with the central pipe acting as an air lift. Additional air jets are provided in the conical portion of the base and are used for dislodging any material which settles out. 

The internal floating roof tank s head space between the floating roof and the fixed roof is naturally ventilated by openings around the perimeter of the tank high on the sidewalls atthe roof seam line and atthe top center high point of the conical roof. Under most operating conditions, studies have shown that the head space is sufficiently ventilated to keep the flammable vapor concentration acceptably below the LEL of the liquids stored. However, during the... 

In another type of adhering (sticking) antitank hollow charge there were no magnets but a sticky pad (located at the wide part of the conical body) served for attaching the charge to a tank (Ref 1, p 324)... 

Water flows from a conical tank at the rate of 0.020(2 + h ) mVmin, as shown in Fig. P6.7. If the tank is initially full, how long will it take for 75% of the water to flow out of the tank What is the flow rate at that time ... 

Helical ribbon mixers can also be formed to fit in conical bottom tanks. While not as effective at mixing as in a cylindrical tank, the conical bottom mixer can force material to the bottom discharge. By more effectively discharging, a higher yield of the product can be obtained. 

All containers are made of mild steel. The magnitude of the shock wave associated with the explosive detonation increases by convergence of shock wave due to the reduction of cross section area and reflection on the conical wall of the water tank. The pressure level and shock duration can be easily controlled by adjusting the mass and detonation velocity of explosive and the conical angle of the water container. 

---