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The Central Dogma

The respiratory chain catalyses transfer of reducing equivalents from NADH generated in the mitochondrial matrix or M space, to dioxygen (Fig. 2.1A). Fig. 2.1B shows a thermodynamic view, giving the operational redox potentials ( ,) for the main individual components (for details, see below). The total redox span is about 1.11 V for oxidation of NADH, and about 760 mV for oxidation of ubiquinol (or succinate). [Pg.51]

The exergonic respiratory chain activity is utilised to drive proton translocation from the matrix (M) to the cytoplasmic (C) side of the membrane with generation of an electrochemical proton gradient (protonmotive force (pmf) [13], [Pg.51]

redox energy is conserved as pmf, which may subsequently be utilised to drive ATP synthesis or other energy-requiring reactions of the mitochondrion, such as ion transport. This principle of respiratory chain function is generally accepted. It [Pg.51]

The molecular details of this principle, e.g, the mechanism of proton translocation by the respiratory complexes, and the pathways of the proton circuitry connecting respiration to phosphorylation, are still open questions [8,14,15]. Mitchell s chem-iosmotic theory [13,16], though instrumental in the development of the dogma, stresses such mechanistic details [17,18], Hence, it is a special case of the more general dogma, which also encompasses the early proposals by Williams [19,20] of protonic coupling within the membrane. The latter idea originally caused less impact than the chemiosmotic theory, probably due to its lack of details amenable to experimental scrutiny (but see, e.g.. Refs. 21,22). [Pg.52]

DNA has two broad functions replication and expression. First, DNA must be able to replicate itself so that the information coded into its primary structure is transmitted faithfully to progeny cells. Second, this information must be expressed in some useful way. The method for this expression is through RNA intermediaries, which in turn act as templates for the synthesis of every protein in the body. The relationships of DNA to RNA and to protein are often expressed in a graphic syllogism called the central dogma. The concept was proposed by Crick in 1958 and was revised in 1970 to accommodate the discovery of the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. Crick s original theory suggested that the flow of information was always from RNA to protein and could not be reversed, yet it allowed for the possibility of DNA synthesis from RNA. [Pg.222]


What Crick called the "central dogma of molecular genetics" says that the function of DNA is to store information and pass it on to RNA. The function of... [Pg.1104]

Molecular biology involves the study of the major macromolecules, DNA, RNA, and protein. The central dogma ofmolecular biology is illustrated in Fig. 2. The central dogma shows the relationship among the macromolecules in the processes of transcription and translation. Figure 2 also gives the relationship between immunoelectron microscopy and in situ hybridization. In situ hybridization allows one to localize a specific nucleic acid sequence. Immunoelectron microscopy is an essential component to the technique of in situ hybridization when applied at the EM level. [Pg.301]

The flow of information from DNA to RNA to proteins is one of the fundamental prindples of molecular biology. It is so important that it is sometimes called the "central dogma."... [Pg.20]

The central dogma of apoptosis is that all the initiating pro-apoptotic stimuli converge on the mitochondrial compartment. Thus, although apoptosis can be initiated elsewhere, the execution phase of apoptosis induced by ionizing radiation needs mitochondria. How do DNA lesions trigger mitochondria Several metabolic pathways coimect mitochondria to the nucleus. [Pg.175]

The central dogma of molecular biology and protein synthesis... [Pg.167]

Francis Crick enunciated the central dogma of molecular biology in 1958 DNA directs its own replication and its transcription to RNA that, in turn, directs its translation to protein. This statement is frequently oversimplified to DNA makes RNA makes protein. ... [Pg.168]

The central dogma of molecular biology was first defined by Francis Crick. See R. Olby, Francis Crick, DNA, and the Central Dogma . Daedalus Fall 1970, pp 970-986. [Pg.380]

Figure 20.18 The central dogma of molecular biology a summary of processes involved inflow of genetic information from DNA to protein. The diagram is a summary of the biochemical processes involved in the flow of genetic information from DNA to protein via RNA intermediates. This concept had to be revised following the discovery of the enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which catalyses information transfer from RNA to DNA (see Chapter 18). It may have to be modified in the future since changes in the fatty acid composition of phospholipids in membranes can modily the properties of proteins, and possibly their functions, independent of the genetic information within the amino acid sequence of the protein (See Chapters 7, 11 and 14). Figure 20.18 The central dogma of molecular biology a summary of processes involved inflow of genetic information from DNA to protein. The diagram is a summary of the biochemical processes involved in the flow of genetic information from DNA to protein via RNA intermediates. This concept had to be revised following the discovery of the enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which catalyses information transfer from RNA to DNA (see Chapter 18). It may have to be modified in the future since changes in the fatty acid composition of phospholipids in membranes can modily the properties of proteins, and possibly their functions, independent of the genetic information within the amino acid sequence of the protein (See Chapters 7, 11 and 14).
Schreiber SL. (2005) Small molecules The missing link in the central dogma. Nat. Chem. Biol. 1 64-66. [Pg.30]

The central dogma of chemistry is, that the structure of a molecule correlates with its physico-chemical properties. This is usually illustrated using the correlation between the boiling point of n-alkanes and the number of carbon atoms... [Pg.111]

As the field of molecular genetics grew, the DNA molecule became the focus of many research efforts. Francis Crick and George Gamov developed the sequence hypothesis to explain how DNA makes protein. They stated that the DNA sequence specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein and postulated the central dogma of molecular genetics the flow of genetic information is a one-way road, it always takes the direction from DNA to RNA to protein [16]. In the same year, 1957, Mathew Meselson and Frank Stahl demonstrated the replication mechanism of DNA [17]. In 1958, DNA polymerase became the first enzyme used to make DNA in a test tube. [Pg.4]

The structure of DNA/RNA enabled Crick to formulate the central dogma of molecular genetics. By this dogma, three fundamental processes take place in the transfer of genetic information. Replication is the process by which identical copies of DNA are made so that information can be preserved and transferred from generation to generation. [Pg.470]

FIGURE 2.5 The Central Dogma Double-stranded DNA is transcribed to messenger RNA (in eukaryotes, with processing of the transcript), which in turn is translated by the ribosome into the chain of amino acids making up a protein. [Pg.16]

The central dogma of molecular biology, showing the general pathways of information flow via replication, transcription, and translation. The term "dogma" is a misnomer. Introduced by Francis Crick at a time when little evidence supported these ideas, the dogma has become a well-established principle. [Pg.922]

The existence of RNA replication requires an elaboration of the central dogma (Fig. 26-28 contrast this with the diagram on p. 922). The enzymes involved in... [Pg.1021]

FIGURE 26-28 Extension of the central dogma to include RNA-dependent synthesis of RNA and DNA. [Pg.1021]

The central dogma of control is what you see depends on how and in which direction you look . This doctrine applies to any detection system, whether it is of a biological or a physicochemical (instrumental) nature. Both in toxicological research and in the chemical characterization of environmental samples, an enrichment step is required to see things. No active enrichment step is incorporated in epidemiological research. [Pg.54]


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Central Dogma

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The central dogma of molecular biology and protein synthesis

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