The Bottom-Up Design Process

As a consequence of this view of engineering, the BoK can be subdivided into three main parts  

From that initial set, the design progresses through a step-wise, iterative process, with each step consisting of three basic activities  

This iterative process is shown diagrammatically in Fig. A6.2 this figure also indicates where one enters and exits the process. While the first selection of elements is normally from the initial set, the designer is, in principle, free to include any available element in an iteration, and the process ends when the performance is tolerably close to the required performance. 

This seemingly simple process has many complex issues associated with it in the following we consider these only to the extent relevant to our purpose of examining the use of the system concept in engineering in Part C. 

Another approach is to change the set of elements making a different choice from the set of existing construction elements. The most immediate action would be to look for other elements within the initial set, but innovative solutions require consideration of elements outside this set. As that is a vast population of elements, some form of methodology or process is needed to search for appropriate elements, and a number of these are available. An example of such a methodology is TRIZ, developed originally by Altshuller [1]. Instead of focusing 

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Design the quality system from the top down by analyzing your business processes and then implement from the bottom up, starting with customer complaints. 

Nailing is done to protect slopes as excavation proceeds—that is, it is a process that works from the top down. In contrast, when fill is placed to raise an area, the slope is created from the bottom up. For high fills, it may be necessary to reinforce the soil in order to prevent a slope failure. This may be done with geotextile sheets, which are placed horizontally to cover the entire fill surface at vertical intervals of several feet. The geotextile sheets add shear resistance to possible slip or failure planes. In order to be effective, the sheets must extend a significant distance beyond the failure planes for unreinforced soil. Rigorous design procedures are not yet available, and the parameters for field use are selected on the basis of past field experience. 

Use Top-Down/Bottom- Up Design Strategies Alternately. Approaches [hat scopa ont options in light of ovaraII process design objectives should be used alternately with eppionches that evaluate these objectives at the local level for feasibility. 

The second analysis is the FMEA, this is the bottom-up analysis. First, the failure modes of all the transmitter blocks are defined. Each of these modes is related to one or more effects on the transmitter functionality. Once the modes and effects are listed, the last step is the definition of the solution to mitigate the effect of the possible failures. These conclusions can result in changes in the transceiver design or changes in other components of the system, as DPU. Table 1 shows the summary of the results of the process where the most significant cases are presented. 

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